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Identification of Effects of Regulatory Actions on Air Quality in Goods Movement Corridors in California

机译：确定监管措施对加利福尼亚州货物运输走廊空气质量的影响

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摘要

Few studies have assessed the impact of regulatory actions on air quality improvement through a comprehensive monitoring effort. In this study, we designed saturation sampling of nitrogen oxides (NO_X) for the counties of Los Angeles and Alameda (San Francisco Bay) before (2003-2007) and after (2008-2013) implementation of goods movement actions in California. We further separated the research regions into three location categories, including goods movement corridors (GMCs), nongoods movement corridors (NGMCs), and control areas (CTRLs). Linear mixed models were developed to identify whether reductions in NO_X were greater in GMCs than in other areas, after controlling for potential confounding, including weather conditions (e.g., wind speed and temperature) and season of sampling. We also considered factors that might confound the relationship, including traffic and cargo volumes that may have changed due to economic downturn impacts. Compared to the pre-policy period, we found reductions of average pollutant concentrations for nitrogen dioxide (NO_2) and NO_X in GMCs of 6.4 and 21.7 ppb. The reductions were smaller in NGMCs (5.9 and 16.3 ppb, respectively) and in CTRLs (4.6 and 12.1 ppb, respectively). After controlling for potential confounding from weather conditions, season of sampling, and the economic downturn in 2008, the linear mixed models demonstrated that reductions in NO_2 and NO_X were significantly greater in GMCs compared to reductions observed in CTRLs; there were no statistically significant differences between NGMCs and CTRLs. These results indicate that policies regulating goods movement are achieving the desired outcome of improving air quality for the state, particularly in goods movement corridors where most disadvantaged communities live.
机译：很少有研究通过全面的监测工作来评估监管措施对改善空气质量的影响。在这项研究中，我们设计了在加利福尼亚州实施货物运输行动之前（2003-2007年）和之后（2008-2013年）洛杉矶和阿拉米达（旧金山湾）县的氮氧化物饱和采样（NO_X）。我们将研究区域进一步分为三个位置类别，包括货物移动通道（GMC），非货物移动通道（NGMC）和控制区域（CTRL）。在控制了潜在的混杂因素（包括天气条件（例如风速和温度）和采样季节）之后，开发了线性混合模型以识别GMC中NO_X的减少是否大于其他地区。我们还考虑了可能使关系混乱的因素，包括由于经济下滑的影响而可能发生变化的交通和货运量。与政策前时期相比，我们发现GMC中二氧化氮（NO_2）和NO_X的平均污染物浓度降低了6.4和21.7 ppb。 NGMC（分别为5.9和16.3 ppb）和CTRL（分别为4.6和12.1 ppb）的减少幅度较小。在控制了由于天气状况，采样季节和2008年经济下滑而造成的潜在混淆之后，线性混合模型表明，与CTRLs中观察到的减少相比，GMC中NO_2和NO_X的减少显着更大。 NGMC和CTRL之间没有统计学上的显着差异。这些结果表明，规范货物运输的政策正在实现改善州空气质量的预期结果，特别是在大多数处境不利社区居住的货物运输走廊中。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第16期|8687-8696|共10页
  • 作者

    Jason G. Su; Ying-Ying Meng; Melissa Pickett; Edmund Seto; Beate Ritz; Michael Jerrett;

  • 作者单位

    50 University Hall, Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7360, United States;

    Center for Health Policy Research, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7143, United States;

    Center for Health Policy Research, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7143, United States;

    Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States;

    Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, United States;

    50 University Hall, Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7360, United States,Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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