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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Perfluoroalkyl Contaminants in Lake Ontario Lake Trout: Detailed Examination of Current Status and Long-Term Trends
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Perfluoroalkyl Contaminants in Lake Ontario Lake Trout: Detailed Examination of Current Status and Long-Term Trends

机译：安大略湖鳟鱼中的全氟烷基污染物：详细研究现状和长期趋势

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Perfluoroalkyl contaminants (PFCs) were determined in Lake Ontario Lake Trout sampled annually between 1997 and 2008 in order to assess how current trends are responding to recent regulatory bans and voluntary phase-outs. We also combined our measurements with those of a previous study to provide an updated- assessment of long-term trends. Concentrations of PFCs generally increased from the late 1970s until the mid-1980s to mid-1990s, after which concentrations either remained unchanged (perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorocarboxylates) or declined (perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS)). The temporal trends were assessed using three models, quadratic, exponential rise to maximum, and two-segment linear piecewise function, and then evaluated for best fit using Akaike Information Criteria. For PFOS and perfluorocarboxylates, the exponential rise to maximum function had the best fit This is particularly interesting for PFOS as it suggests that although concentrations in Lake Ontario Lake Trout may have stopped increasing in response to voluntary phase-outs in 2000-2002, declines have yet to be observed. This may be due to continuing input of PFOS from products still in use and/or slow degradation of larger precursor molecules. A power analysis of PFOS suggested that IS years of data with a within-year sample size of 10 is required to obtain sufficient power (80%) to detect a 5% decreasing trend. However, the length of the monitoring program had a greater influence on the ability to detect a trend compared to within-year sample size. This provides evidence that additional sampling years are required to detect a response to bans and phase-outs, given the variability in the fish data. The lack of observed declines of perfluorocarboxylate residues in fish may be expected as regulations for these compounds were only recently enacted. In contrast to the other compounds, the quadratic model had the best fit for PFDS. The results of this study emphasize the importance of long-term monitoring for assessing the effectiveness of bans and phase-outs on PFCs in the environment.
机译：在1997年至2008年之间，每年在安大略湖鳟鱼中测定全氟烷基污染物（PFC），以评估当前趋势如何响应近期的监管禁令和自愿淘汰。我们还将我们的测量结果与以前的研究相结合，以提供对长期趋势的更新评估。从1970年代后期到1980年代中期到1990年代中期，PFC的浓度通常会增加，此后要么保持不变（全氟辛烷磺酸盐（PFOS）和全氟羧酸盐），要么下降（全氟癸烷磺酸盐（PFDS））。使用三个模型评估时间趋势，即二次，指数上升到最大值和两段线性分段函数，然后使用Akaike Information Criteria评估最佳拟合。对于全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟羧酸盐，指数增加至最大功能最合适。这对于全氟辛烷磺酸尤为有趣，因为它表明尽管安大略湖鳟鱼的浓度可能因2000-2002年的自愿淘汰而停止增加，但有所下降尚待观察。这可能是由于仍在使用的产品不断输入PFOS和/或较大的前驱物分子缓慢降解所致。 PFOS的功效分析表明，要获得足够的功效（80％）来检测5％的下降趋势，就需要IS年的数据（年内样本大小为10）。但是，与年内样本量相比，监测程序的时间长度对趋势检测能力的影响更大。这提供了证据，鉴于鱼类数据的可变性，需要更多的采样年才能检测出对禁令和淘汰的反应。由于这些化合物的法规是最近才颁布的，因此可以预期鱼类中缺乏全氟羧酸盐残留的下降。与其他化合物相比，二次模型最适合PFDS。这项研究的结果强调了长期监测对于评估环境中PFC禁令和淘汰的有效性的重要性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第11期|p.5842-5850|共9页
  • 作者

    Sarah B.Gewurtz; Amila O.De Silva; Sean M.Backus; Daryl J.McGoldrick; Michael J.Keir; Jeff Small; Lisa Melymuk; Derek C.G.Muir;

  • 作者单位

    Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6,Conestoga-Rovers & Associates, 651 Colby Drive, Waterloo,ON, Canada N2V 1C2;

    Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;

    Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;

    Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;

    Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;

    Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;

    Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4;

    Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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