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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Assessment of Inter-Individual, Geographic, and Seasonal Variability in Estimated Human Exposure to Fine Particles
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Assessment of Inter-Individual, Geographic, and Seasonal Variability in Estimated Human Exposure to Fine Particles

机译：估计人类暴露于细颗粒的个体间，地理和季节变异性

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摘要

Health effects associated with ambient fine particle (PM_(2.5)) exposure are typically estimated based on concentratioti-response (C-R) functions using area-wide concentration as an exposure surrogate. Persons 65 and older are particularly susceptible to adverse effects from PM_(2.5) exposure. Using a stochastic microenvironmental simulation model, distributions of daily PM_(2.5) exposures were estimated based on ambient concentration, air exchange rate, penetration factor, deposition rate, indoor emission sources, census data, and activity diary data, and compared for selected regions and seasons. Even though the selected subpopulation spends an average of over 20 h per day indoors, the ratio of daily average estimated exposure to ambient concentration (E_a/C) is approximately 0.5. The daily average EJC ratio varies by a factor of 4-5 over a 9596 frequency range among individuals, primarily from variability in air exchange rates. The mean EJC varies by 6-36% among selected NC, TX, and NYC domains, and 15-34% among four seasons, as a result of regional differences in housing stock and seasonal differences in air exchange rates. Variability in EJC is a key factor that may help explain heterogeneity in C-R functions across cities and seasons. Priorities for improving exposure estimates are discussed.
机译：通常基于浓度响应（C-R）函数，使用区域浓度作为暴露替代物，估算与环境微粒（PM_（2.5））暴露相关的健康影响。 65岁及65岁以上的人特别容易受到PM_（2.5）暴露的不利影响。使用随机微环境模拟模型，根据环境浓度，空气交换速率，渗透因子，沉积速率，室内排放源，普查数据和活动日志数据估算每日PM_（2.5）暴露的分布，并比较选定的区域和季节。即使选定的亚群平均每天在室内花费超过20小时，但每日平均估计暴露与环境浓度之比（E_a / C）约为0.5。在9596个频率范围内，个人的日均EJC比率变化4-5倍，主要是由于空气交换速率的变化。由于住房存量的地区差异和空气汇率的季节性差异，在选定的NC，TX和NYC域中，平均EJC差异为6-36％，在四个季节中为15-34％。 EJC的可变性是一个关键因素，可以帮助解释整个城市和季节中C-R功能的异质性。讨论了改进暴露估计的重点。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第22期|12519-12526|共8页
  • 作者

    Wan Jiao; H. Christopher Frey; Ye Cao;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh,North Carolina 27695-7908, United States;

    Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh,North Carolina 27695-7908, United States;

    Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh,North Carolina 27695-7908, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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