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Comparison of Four Active and Passive Sampling Techniques for Pesticides in Air

机译：空气中农药四种主动和被动采样技术的比较

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Four sampling systems were evaluated for their ability to determine the concentrations of pesticides in the atmosphere of rural southern Ontario. Two active air samplers (AAS, high-volume and low-volume pumps) and two passive air samplers (PAS, polyurethane foam disks and XAD-resin) were deployed between March 2006 and September 2007 using different sampling frequencies (biweekly to annually) and durations 124 h to 1 yr). Concentrations of nine pesticides in air determined by the different systems were compared at time scales of two weeks, two months, and one year. Agreement in the average concentrations obtained by different techniques improved with increasing length of the comparison period, especially for pesticides with high short-term temporal concentration variability. Such variability was high for the most volatile and reactive pesticides (trrfluralin and pendimethalin). Except for these two pesticides, the annually averaged air concentrations determined by the different systems are within a factor of 2.5 for all pesticides and are not statistically different Even though the PUF-PAS may have approached equilibrium with the atmosphere during deployment the air concentrations are not statistically significantly different from those determined by AAS when averaged over longer time scales. Two month XAD-PAS deployments during the second summer resulted in sufficient sampling volumes to reliably establish air concentrations. If the sole purpose of collecting air samples is the assessment of long-term air concentration trends, this can be achieved most cost-effectively, i.e., with the least number of samples with year-long XAD-PAS.
机译：评估了四个采样系统确定安大略省南部农村大气中农药浓度的能力。在2006年3月至2007年9月之间，部署了两个有源空气采样器（AAS，大容量和低容量泵）和两个无源空气采样器（PAS，聚氨酯泡沫盘和XAD树脂），采样频率不同（每两周到每年一次），持续时间124小时至1年）。在两个星期，两个月和一年的时间范围内，比较了由不同系统确定的空气中9种农药的浓度。随着比较周期的延长，通过不同技术获得的平均浓度的一致性得到改善，尤其是对于短期时间浓度变化较大的农药而言。对于大多数挥发性和反应性最强的农药（曲氟拉林和二甲戊乐灵）而言，这种变异性很高。除这两种农药外，由不同系统确定的年平均空气浓度对于所有农药而言均在2.5的范围内，并且在统计上没有差异。即使PUF-PAS在部署过程中可能已与大气达到平衡，但空气浓度并未达到在较长时间范围内取平均值时，与AAS确定的结果在统计上有显着差异。在第二个夏季进行的两个月XAD-PAS部署产生了足够的采样量，可以可靠地确定空气浓度。如果收集空气样本的唯一目的是评估长期空气浓度趋势，则可以最经济高效地实现这一目标，即使用XAD-PAS的样本数量最少。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2010年第9期|P.3410-3416|共7页
  • 作者

    STEPHEN J. HAYWARD; rnTODD GOUIN; rnFRANK WANIA;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St. W, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5;

    rnDepartment of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom MK44 1LQ;

    rnDepartment of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St. W, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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