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Occurrence of Disinfection Byproducts in United States Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents

机译：美国废水处理厂废水中消毒副产物的发生

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摘要

Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contain disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of health concern when the water is utilized downstream as a potable water supply. The pattern of DBP formation was strongly affected by whether or not the WWTP achieved good nitrification. Chlorine addition to poorly nitrified effluents formed low levels of halogenated DBPs, except for (in some casesl dihalogenated acetic acids, but often substantial amounts of N-nitrosodimethyamine (NDMA). Chlorination of well-nitrified effluent typically resulted in substantial formation of halogenated DBPs but much less NDMA. For example, on a median basis after chlorine addition, the well-nitrified effluents had 57 μg/L of trihalomethanes [THMs] and 3 ng/L of NDMA, while the poorly nitrified effluents had 2μg/L of THMs and 11 ng/L of NDMA. DBPs with amino acid precursors (haloacetonitriles, haloacetaldehydes) formed at substantial levels after chlorination of well-nitrified effluent The formation of halogenated DBPs but not that of NDMA correlated with the formation of THMs in WWTP effluents disinfected with free chlorine. However, THM formation did not correlate with the formation of other DBPs in effluents disinfected with chloramines. Because of the relatively high levels of bromide in treated wastewater, bromine incorporation was observed in various classes of DBPs.
机译：当水在下游用作饮用水时，废水处理厂（WWTP）的废水中含有对健康有害的消毒副产物（DBP）。污水处理厂是否实现了良好的硝化作用，严重影响了DBP的形成方式。除（在某些情况下为二卤代乙酸，但通常为大量的N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA））之外，氯在硝化效果差的废水中形成的卤代DBP含量较低。氯化硝化硝化的废水通常会导致卤代DBP大量形成。 NDMA的数量要少得多。例如，在加氯后的中值基础上，硝化良好的废水中三卤甲烷[THMs]和NDMA的浓度为3 ng / L，而硝化程度较差的废水中THMs的浓度为2μg/ L。硝化良好的流出物氯化后，形成大量氨基酸前体（卤代乙腈，卤代乙醛）的11 ng / L NDMA DBPs的形成与卤代DBP的形成有关，而与NDMA无关。但是，氯胺消毒后的废水中，THM的形成与其他DBP的形成不相关。在处理过的废水中，在各种类型的DBP中都观察到了溴的掺入。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2009年第21期|8320-8325|共6页
  • 作者

    STUART W. KRASNER; PAUL WESTERHOFF; BAIYANG CHEN; BRUCE E. RITTMANN; GARY AMY;

  • 作者单位

    Water Quality Laboratory, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 700 Moreno Avenue, La Verne, California 91750;

    Department of Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, Engineering Center (G-Wing), Arizona State University, Room ECG-2S2, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5306;

    Department of Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, Engineering Center (G-Wing), Arizona State University, Room ECG-2S2, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5306 Chinese Environmental Scholars & Professionals Network, 11900 Stonehollow Drive, Austin, Texas 78758;

    Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701;

    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Box 55455, Jeddah, 21534, Saudi Arabia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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