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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >CURRENT-USE PESTICIDE TRANSPORT TO COSTA RICA'S HIGH-ALTITUDE TROPICAL CLOUD FOREST
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CURRENT-USE PESTICIDE TRANSPORT TO COSTA RICA'S HIGH-ALTITUDE TROPICAL CLOUD FOREST

机译：当前使用农药运输到哥斯达黎加的高海拔热带云林

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摘要

To gain insight into the atmospheric transport and deposition of organic contaminants in high-altitude forests in the humid tropics, pesticides were analyzed in air, water, and soil samples from Costa Rica. Passive samplers deployed across the country revealed annually averaged air concentrations of chlorothalonil, endosulfan, and pendimethalin that were higher in areas with intensive agricultural activities than in more remote areas. Atmospheric concentrations were particularly high in the intensively cultivated central valley. Only endosulfan and its degradation products were found in soils sampled along an altitudinal transect on the northern side of Volcano Turrialba, which is facing heavily cultivated coastal plains. Consistent with calculations of cold trapping in tropical mountains, concentrations of endosulfan sulfate increased with altitude. Pesticide levels in lake, creek, fog, and arboreal water samples from high-elevation cloud forests were generally below 10ng-L~(-1). Endosulfan sulfate was the most abundant pesticide in water, with concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 9.4 ng • L~(-1). Its levels were highest in water sampled from bromeliads. Levels of total endosulfan in water are much lower than the reported median lethal concentration (LC50) value for acute toxicity of α-endosulfan to tadpoles. Although this suggests that the presence of pesticide might not have a direct impact on amphibian populations, the possibility of effects of chronic exposure to a mixture of substances cannot be excluded. Fog was relatively enriched in some of the analyzed pesticides, such as dacthal and chlorothalonil, and may constitute an important deposition pathway to high-altitude tropical cloud forest.
机译：为了深入了解潮湿热带地区高海拔森林中有机污染物的大气迁移和沉积，对哥斯达黎加的空气，水和土壤样品中的农药进行了分析。分布在全国各地的被动采样器显示，百氯苯醌，硫丹和二甲戊乐灵的年平均空气浓度在农业活动密集地区比在偏远地区更高。在密集耕种的中央山谷中，大气浓度特别高。在面对严重耕种的沿海平原的图里亚尔瓦火山北侧的一个垂直断面采样的土壤中，仅发现硫丹及其降解产物。与热带山区冷阱的计算一致，硫酸硫丹的浓度随海拔升高而增加。高海拔云雾森林中湖泊，小溪，雾和树木水样品中的农药水平通常低于10ng-L〜（-1）。硫酸硫丹是水中最丰富的农药，浓度范围为0.4至9.4 ng•L〜（-1）。从凤梨科植物中提取的水含量最高。水中的总硫丹水平大大低于报告的α-硫丹对t的急性毒性中值致死浓度（LC50）值。尽管这表明农药的存在可能不会对两栖动物种群产生直接影响，但不能排除长期暴露于多种物质混合物的影响的可能性。雾中相对富含某些分析农药，如Dacthal和百菌清，它们可能是通往高海拔热带云林的重要沉积途径。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental toxicology and chemistry》 |2011年第12期|p.2709-2717|共9页
  • 作者

    Chubashini Shunthirasingham; Todd Gouin; Ying D. Lei; Clemens Ruepert; Luisa E. Castillo; Frank Wania;

  • 作者单位

    Departments of Chemistry and Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;

    Departments of Chemistry and Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;

    Departments of Chemistry and Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;

    Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas, Campus Omar Dengo, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica;

    Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Toxicas, Campus Omar Dengo, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica;

    Departments of Chemistry and Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    pesticides; atmospheric transport; tropical cloud forest; mountain cold trapping;

    机译：农药大气运输;热带云雾森林;山冷陷阱;

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