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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF 17α-ETHINYLESTRADIOL IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE
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EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF 17α-ETHINYLESTRADIOL IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE

机译：美国和欧洲表面水中17α-乙炔雌二醇的暴露评估

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摘要

An evaluation of measured and predicted concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol in surface waters of the United States and Europe was conducted to develop expected long-term exposure concentrations for this compound. Measured environmental concentrations (MECs) in surface waters were identified from the literature. Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were generated for European and U.S. watersheds using the GREAT-ER and PhATE™ models, respectively. The majority of MECs are nondetect and generally consistent with model PECs and conservative mass balance calculations. However, the highest MECs are not consistent with concentrations derived from conservative (worst-case) mass balance estimates or model PECs. A review of analytical methods suggests that tandem or high-resolution mass spectrometry methods with extract cleanup result in lower detection limits and lower reported concentrations consistent with model predictions and bounding estimates. Based on model results using PhATE and GREAT-ER, the 90th-percentile low-flow PECs in surface water are approximately 0.2 and 0.3 ng/L for the United States and Europe, respectively. These levels represent conservative estimates of long-term exposure that can be used for risk assessment purposes. Our analysis also indicates that average concentrations are one to two orders of magnitude lower than these 90th-percentile estimates. Higher reported concentrations (e.g., greater than the 99th-percentile PEC of ～1 ng/L) could result from methodological problems or unusual environmental circumstances; however, such concentrations are not representative of levels generally found in the environment, warrant special scrutiny, and are not appropriate for use in risk assessments of long-term exposures.
机译：对美国和欧洲地表水中17α-炔雌醇的测量浓度和预测浓度进行了评估，以求出该化合物的预期长期暴露浓度。从文献中确定了地表水中的测量环境浓度（MEC）。使用GREAT-ER和PhATE™模型分别为欧洲和美国的流域生成了预测的环境浓度（PEC）。大多数MEC是未检测到的，通常与模型PEC和保守的质量平衡计算保持一致。但是，最高的MEC与从保守（最坏情况）的质量平衡估计或模型PEC得出的浓度不一致。分析方法的回顾表明，采用提取物净化的串联或高分辨率质谱方法可降低检测限，并降低报告浓度，与模型预测和边界估计相符。根据使用PhATE和GREAT-ER的模型结果，在美国和欧洲，地表水中90％的低流量PEC分别约为0.2 ng / L和0.3 ng / L。这些水平代表可以用于风险评估目的的长期暴露的保守估计。我们的分析还表明，平均浓度比这些90％的估计值低1-2个数量级。报告的较高浓度（例如，大于99％的PEC〜1 ng / L）可能是由于方法学问题或不寻常的环境条件引起的；但是，此类浓度不能代表环境中通常存在的浓度，需要进行仔细审查，并且不适合用于长期暴露的风险评估。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental toxicology and chemistry》 |2009年第12期|2725-2732|共8页
  • 作者

    Robert Hannah; Vincent J. DAco; Paul D. Anderson; Mary E. Buzby; Daniel J. Caldwell; Virginia L. Cunningham; Jon F. Ericson; Andrew C. Johnson; Neil J. Parke; John H. Samuelian; John P. Sumpter;

  • 作者单位

    GlaxoSmithKline, One Franklin Plaza, 200 North 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA;

    Quantum Management Group, 1187 Main Avenue, Clifton, New Jersey 07011, USA;

    AMEC Earth & Environmental, 2 Robbins Road, Westford, Massachusetts 01886, USA;

    Merck, Two Merck Drive, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey 08889, USA;

    Johnson & Johnson, 410 George Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA;

    Sustainability Sciences LLC, 126 Moonflower Road, Hatboro, Pennsylvania 19040, USA;

    Pfizer, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA;

    Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, United Kingdom;

    Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA;

    AMEC Earth & Environmental, 15 Franklin Street, Portland, Maine 04101, USA;

    Institute for the Environment, Brunei University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    17α-ethinylestradiol; estrogen; surface water; water quality model;

    机译：17α-炔雌醇;雌激素地表水;水质模型;

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