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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Large-scale dynamics of sandy beach ecosystems in transitional waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Species turnover, stability and spatial synchrony
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Large-scale dynamics of sandy beach ecosystems in transitional waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Species turnover, stability and spatial synchrony

机译：西南大西洋过渡水域沙滩生态系统的大规模动力学：物种更新，稳定性和空间同步

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摘要

Transitional waters (TW) are interfaces between the terrestrial and freshwater environments and the sea. These ecotones are characterized by highly dynamic physico-chemical and hydro-morphologic conditions, resulting in a mosaic of habitats in which species are particularly well adapted to variability. However, sandy beach ecotones occurring along estuarine gradients are rarely addressed from the TW perspective. We conducted a 2-yr study to assess the seasonal dynamics of environmental and macrofaunal descriptors in 16 sandy beaches of the Uruguayan coast in TW defined by the widest estuary of the world (Rio de la Plata). A strong variability in environmental conditions was found at inner estuarine beaches, reflecting the seasonal dynamics of the estuarine discharge. The greatest abundance and species richness found in dissipative oceanic beaches were also characterized by their lowest temporal variability, indicating that macrofaunal communities were more stable towards oceanic conditions, where environmental variability was also lowest. Spatial synchrony was reflected in changes across seasons in the species richness in the TW system. A high turnover of species along spatio-temporal gradients occurring within the TW ecotone was observed. Mollusca and Polychaeta were absent in highly-variable estuarine beaches, irrespective of the morphodynamic state. A functional equivalence between species was found at the extremes of the salinity gradient. The environmental variables that best explained community patterns differed among seasons: in summer and autumn, salinity, wave period and beach width were the main explanatory factors, whereas temperature had a primary influence in winter and morphodynamic variables exerted a major influence in autumn. We highlight the need to consider concurrent variations in estuarine and morphodynamic variables when assessing the spatial distribution of macrofaunal species richness and abundance in sandy beaches occurring along TW. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：过渡水域是陆地和淡水环境与海洋之间的界面。这些过渡带的特征是高度动态的物理化学和水力形态条件，从而导致栖息地的镶嵌，其中物种特别容易适应变化。然而，从TW角度来看，沿河口梯度发生的沙滩过渡带很少被提及。我们进行了为期2年的研究，以评估世界上最宽河口（里约热内卢）定义的TW乌拉圭海岸的16个沙滩中环境和大型动物描述符的季节动态。在河口内滩发现环境条件的强烈变化，反映了河口流量的季节性变化。在耗散性海洋海滩上发现的最大丰度和物种丰富度还具有其最低的时间变化性，这表明大型动物群落对环境变化也最低的海洋条件更稳定。 TW系统中物种丰富度的跨季节变化反映了空间同步性。观察到TW生态交错带内物种沿时空梯度的高周转率。不论形态动力学状态如何，在高度变化的河口海滩中都没有软体动物和波利查塔。在盐度梯度的极端处发现了物种之间的功能对等。最能解释群落格局的环境变量在季节之间有所不同：夏季和秋季，盐度，波浪期和海滩宽度是主要的解释因素，而温度在冬季是主要的影响因素，而形态动力学变量在秋天是主要的影响因素。在评估沿TW发生的沙滩中大型动物物种丰富度和丰度的空间分布时，我们强调需要考虑河口和形态动力学变量的同时变化。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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