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Capabilities in, capabilities out: overcoming digital divides by promoting corporate citizenship and fair ICT

机译：能力投入，能力淘汰：通过促进企业公民意识和公平的ICT来克服数字鸿沟

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This conceptual article discusses strategies of corporations in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector and their role in the conflict over access to knowledge in the digital environment. Its main hypothesis is that ICT corporations are very capable actors when it comes to bridging digital divides in both developed and developing countries—maybe even the most capable actors. Therefore, it is argued that ICT corporations could use their capabilities to help citizens gain sustainable access to knowledge in order to enable them to lead self-sufficient lives. In a nutshell, capabilities are presented as both the input (capabilities of ICT corporations) as well as the output (capability building for empowering citizens) of corporate strategy-making focusing on fair ICT. Corporate citizenship is put forth as the theoretical concept bridging corporate strategies and access to knowledge: If ICT corporations act in accordance with their self-understanding of being 'good corporate citizens', they could be crucial partners in lessening digital divides and helping citizens gain access to knowledge. From the perspective of 'integrative economic ethics' (Ulrich 2008), it is argued that ICT corporations have good reason to actively empower citizens in both developed and developing countries by pursuing 'inclusive' strategies in many fields, such as open-source software development. That way, ICT corporations could enable, support and provide citizens with capabilities enabling them to help themselves. In order to make inclusive business models work, the rules and regulations companies find themselves in today must enable them to act responsibly without getting penalized by more ruthless competitors. This article explores several cases from the ICT field to illustrate the interplay between a responsible business model and the rules and regulations of the industry. From a capabilities perspective, the most desirable mix of corporate strategies and industry regulation is one that results in the highest level of generativity (Zittrain 2008). Thus, ICT should not be closed systems only driven by the company behind them. Instead, they need to be open for the highest possible level of third-party innovation.
机译：本概念文章讨论了信息和通信技术（ICT）领域中公司的策略及其在数字环境中获取知识的冲突中的作用。它的主要假设是，在弥合发达国家和发展中国家的数字鸿沟中，ICT公司是非常有能力的参与者，甚至可能是最有能力的参与者。因此，有人认为，信息通信技术公司可以利用其能力帮助公民获得知识的可持续获取，从而使他们能够过上自给自足的生活。简而言之，能力既是针对公平ICT的公司战略制定的输入（ICT企业的能力）又是输出（增强公民能力的能力）。提出企业公民身份是将企业战略和获取知识联系起来的理论概念：如果信息通信技术企业根据自身对“优秀企业公民”的理解行事，那么它们可能是减少数字鸿沟和帮助公民获得访问机会的关键伙伴知识。从“一体化经济伦理”的角度（Ulrich 2008），人们认为，信息通信技术企业有充分的理由通过在开源软件开发等许多领域奉行“包容性”战略，积极地向发达国家和发展中国家的公民赋权。 。这样，ICT公司就可以为公民提供支持，支持并为其提供能力，使他们能够自助。为了使包容性商业模式行之有效，公司如今所处的规章制度必须使他们能够采取负责任的行动，而不会受到更残酷的竞争对手的惩罚。本文探讨了ICT领域的一些案例，以说明负责任的业务模型与行业规则和法规之间的相互作用。从能力的角度来看，最理想的公司战略与行业监管相结合的方法可以带来最高的创造力（Zittrain 2008）。因此，ICT不应是仅由其背后的公司驱动的封闭系统。取而代之的是，它们需要开放以实现最高水平的第三方创新。

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