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Legume genetic resources: management, diversity assessment, and utilization in crop improvement

机译：豆科植物遗传资源：管理，多样性评估和作物改良利用

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Grain legumes contribute significantly to total world food production. Legumes are the primary source of dietary proteins in many developing countries, where protein hunger and malnutrition are widespread. Grain legumes germplasm constitute ~15% of the 7.4 M accessions preserved globally. Nearly, 78% of the CGIAR’s, 0.217 M accessions, have been characterized, compared to 34% of national genebank collections. Interestingly, limited data on grain quality are available as the primary focus has been on morpho-agronomic traits. Clearly, more resources should be targeted on biochemical evaluation to identify nutritionally rich and genetically diverse germplasm. The formation of core and mini core collections has provided crop breeders with a systematic yet manageable entry point into global germplasm resources. These subsets have been reported for most legumes and have proved useful in identifying new sources of variation. They may however not eliminate the need to evaluate entire collections, particularly for very rare traits. Molecular characterization and association mapping will further aid to insights into the structure of legume diversity and facilitate greater use of collections. The use of high resolution elevational climate models has greatly improved our capacity to characterize plant habitats and species’ adaptive responses to stresses. Evidence suggests that there has been increased use of wild relatives as well as new resources resulting from mutagenesis to enhance the genetic base of legume cultigens.
机译：豆类谷物对世界粮食总产量有很大贡献。在许多饥饿和营养不良的发展中国家，豆类是膳食蛋白质的主要来源。谷物豆科植物种质约占全球保存的740万种玉米的15％。已经鉴定出近80％的国际农业研究磋商小组（CGIAR）品种（217.1万份）的特征，而全国种质库藏品的比例为34％。有趣的是，由于主要关注形态农艺性状，因此只能获得有限的谷物质量数据。显然，应将更多资源用于生化评估，以鉴定营养丰富和遗传多样的种质。核心和小型核心集合的形成为作物育种者提供了系统但可管理的进入全球种质资源的切入点。这些子集已被报告用于大多数豆科植物，并已被证明可用于识别新的变异来源。但是，他们可能无法消除对整个收藏品进行评估的需要，尤其是对于非常罕见的性状。分子表征和缔合作图将进一步帮助洞察豆类多样性的结构，并有助于更多地利用馆藏。高分辨率海拔气候模型的使用大大提高了我们表征植物栖息地和物种对压力的适应性反应的能力。有证据表明，通过诱变增加了豆科植物栽培种的遗传基础，野生近缘种的使用以及新资源的使用也有所增加。

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