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Piotr Butowski

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Tu-144, one of only two supersonic airliners in the history of aviation, is the pride of Russia. By implementing its programme, the Soviet aviation industry took a vast technological leap forward. However, the programme also consumed a colossal resource and, ultimately, turned out to be a white elephant. The story began in the 1950s , when a fascination with the speed of flight developed. Military aircraft were flying faster and faster, so it was no wonder people began to consider the possibility of a supersonic passenger airplane. Initially, Russian concepts were based on bomber aircraft, such as the M-50 Bounder, though the designs varied, with proposed passenger numbers from 40 to 120 people. In 1960, Sergei Ilyushin's OKB-240 design bureau conceived the I1-66, which was to carry 100 passengers at a speed of l,860mph (3,000kph). At this time, the OKB-156 experimental design bureau headed by Andrei Tupolev was designing a supersonic trategic bomber, the Tu-135, and considering a civil Tu-135P version, capable of carrying 100 to 120 passengers at a speed of up to l,370mph for more than 2,800 miles. There were also several variants of a smaller, 50 to 70-seat supersonic airliner, designated the Tu-134, under development (that name was later used for a different aircraft). However, the passenger aircraft designs soon diverged from the bomber prototypes; as their requirements differed too dramatically.

机译：TU-144，航空历史中只有两个超音速客机之一，是俄罗斯的骄傲。通过实施其计划，苏联航空工业向前迈出了巨大的技术跨越。然而，该计划也消耗了巨大的资源，最终，结果是一头白象。这个故事始于20世纪50年代，当时与发展速度发育的魅力。军用飞机飞行得更快，更快，所以难怪人们开始考虑超音速乘客飞机的可能性。最初，俄罗斯概念基于轰炸机飞机，例如M-50绑定，尽管设计变化，拟议乘客数字从40到120人。 1960年，Sergei Ilyushin的OKB-240设计局设想了I1-66，它是以L，860mph（3,000kph）的速度携带100次乘客。此时，OKB-156实验设计局由Andrei Tupolev领导，设计了一个超音速分类轰炸机，TU-135，并考虑了一个民间TU-135P版本，能够以高达L的速度携带100至120名乘客，370千米面积超过2,800英里。还有几种变体的较小，50到70座超声波鸟类，指定在开发下的TU-134（该名称后来用于不同的飞机）。然而，客机设计很快就分散了轰炸机原型;由于他们的要求太大了。

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《FlyPast》 |2021年第9期|40-48|共9页
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Piotr Butowski;
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