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首页> 外文期刊>Food microbiology >Several species of Penicillium isolated from chestnut flour processing are pathogenic on fresh chestnuts and produce mycotoxins
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Several species of Penicillium isolated from chestnut flour processing are pathogenic on fresh chestnuts and produce mycotoxins

机译：从栗子粉加工中分离出的几种青霉菌对新鲜栗子具有致病性，并产生霉菌毒素

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A collection of 124 isolates of Penicillium spp. was created by monitoring fresh chestnuts, dried chestnuts, chestnut granulates, chestnut flour and indoor chestnut mills. Sequencing of the ITS region, beta-tubulin and calmodulin, macro-morphology and secondary metabolite production made it possible to determine 20 species of Penicillium. P. bialowiezense was dominant in the fresh chestnuts, while P. crustosum was more frequent in the other sources. A pathogenicity test on chestnut showed that around 70% of the isolates were virulent. P. corylophilum and P. yezoense were not pathogenic, while the other 18 species had at least one virulent isolate. P. expansum and P. crustosum were the most virulent. The isolates were characterized to establish their ability to produce 14 toxic metabolites in vivo: 59% were able to produce at least one mycotoxin. P. expansum was able to produce patulin, chaetoglobosin A and roquefortine, while P. bialowiezense produced C. Mycophenolic acid. Cyclopenins and viridicatins were produced by most of the P. crustosum, P. polonicum, P. solitum and P. discolour isolates. Some of the P. crustosum isolates were also able to produce roquefortine C or penitrem A. Information about the occurrence of Penicillium spp. and their mycotoxins will help producers to set up management procedures that can help to control the fungal growth and the mycotoxin production of chestnuts.
机译：青霉属的124个分离株的集合。通过监视新鲜的栗子，干栗子，栗子颗粒，栗子粉和室内栗子磨而创建。 ITS区，β-微管蛋白和钙调蛋白的测序，宏观形态学和次级代谢产物的产生使得确定20种青霉菌成为可能。在新鲜栗子中，Pia bialowiezense占主导地位，而在其他来源中，十字花果更常见。板栗的致病性测试表明，约70％的分离株具有毒性。 P. corylophilum和P. yezoense没有致病性，而其他18个物种至少具有一种强毒分离株。膨胀假单胞菌和硬壳假单胞菌是最强毒的。分离株的特征是确定其在体内产生14种有毒代谢产物的能力：59％的组织能够产生至少一种霉菌毒素。广角疟原虫能够产生棒曲霉素，chaetoglobosin A和roquefortine，而毕氏疟原虫能够产生C.麦考酚酸。大部分P. crustosum，P。polonicum，P。solitum和P.discolor分离物都产生了环戊素和viridicatins。某些P. crustosum分离株还能够产生罗福福汀C或青霉A。有关青霉属的信息。其霉菌毒素将帮助生产者建立管理程序，以帮助控制栗子的真菌生长和真菌毒素的生产。

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