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首页> 外文期刊>Food microbiology >Species composition, toxigenic potential and aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates causing Head Blight of barley in Uruguay
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Species composition, toxigenic potential and aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates causing Head Blight of barley in Uruguay

机译：引起乌拉圭大麦枯萎病的镰刀菌分离物的种类组成，产毒潜力和侵略性

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Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a major constraint to barley production that substantially reduces yield and grain quality. FHB is also a major food safety concern because FHB pathogens contaminate grain with trichothecenes and other mycotoxins. DNA sequence-based analyses and in-vitro toxin assessments were used to characterize the species and trichothecene chemotype composition of FHB pathogens on barley in Uruguay. F. graminearum was the dominant species (89.7%), and three other members of the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) were identified as FHB pathogens of barley in Uruguay for the first time. Other minor contributors to FHB species diversity included F. poae, F. avenaceum, F. pseudograminearum and an unnamed species from the F. incarnatumequiseti species complex (FIESC). Most isolates (89.7%) had the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) trichothecene type. However, the results expanded the known area of occurrence within Uruguay for the nivalenol (NIV) toxin type, which was observed among isolates from three species of the FGSC, F. pseudograminearum, and F. poae. Isolates with the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) or NX-2 toxin types were not observed, although a previously published multilocus genotyping assay was updated to identify NX-2 strains. Analyses of population structure and comparisons with FHB isolates from wheat in Uruguay indicated that F. graminearum constitutes a single genetic population with no evidence of population differentiation related to the sampled hosts. Inter and intraspecific differences were observed in aggressiveness toward four barley genotypes with different levels of resistance to FHB, and in general nivalenol producers were the least aggressive isolates. Sensitivity to metconazole was approximately 10 times higher than was detected for tebuconazole. This is the first report regarding tebuconazole and metconazole sensitivity for Fusarium species causing FHB in barley in Uruguay, and constitutes an important starting point for monitoring temporal or spatial changes in FGSC sensitivity, which is critical to define FHB management practices.
机译：镰刀菌病（Fusarium Head B枯病）是对大麦生产的主要限制，它大大降低了产量和谷物品质。 FHB也是一个主要的食品安全问题，因为FHB病原体会被曲霉毒素和其他霉菌毒素污染谷物。基于DNA序列的分析和体外毒素评估被用来表征乌拉圭大麦上FHB病原体的种类和天花粉化学型组成。禾谷镰刀菌为主要种（89.7％），禾谷镰刀菌种复合体（FGSC）的其他三个成员首次被鉴定为乌拉圭大麦的禾本科FHB病原体。 FHB物种多样性的其他次要贡献者包括F. poae，F。avenaceum，F。pseudograminearum和来自F. incarnatumequiseti物种复合体（FIESC）的未命名物种。多数分离株（89.7％）具有15-乙酰基脱氧雪腐酚（15-ADON）的上四烯型。但是，该结果扩大了乌拉圭内奈芬烯醇（NIV）毒素类型的已知发生区域，该现象在FGSC，拟杆菌和拟南芥三种物种的分离株中观察到。尽管更新了以前公布的多基因座基因分型测定法以鉴定NX-2菌株，但未观察到具有3-乙酰基脱氧雪腐酚（3-ADON）或NX-2毒素类型的分离株。对种群结构的分析以及与乌拉圭小麦中FHB分离株的比较表明，禾谷镰刀菌构成单个遗传种群，没有证据表明与采样宿主有关的种群分化。在对四种具有不同水平的FHB抗性的大麦基因型的侵略性中，观察到种间和种内差异，并且一般而言，萘那洛尔生产者是侵袭性最低的分离株。对甲康唑的敏感性比对戊康唑的敏感性高约10倍。这是关于戊唑醇和甲康唑对引起乌拉圭大麦大麦FHB的镰刀菌物种敏感性的第一份报告，并且是监测FGSC敏感性时空变化的重要起点，这对于确定FHB管理方法至关重要。

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