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Safety assessment of Gram-negative bacteria associated with traditional French cheeses

机译：与传统法国奶酪相关的革兰氏阴性细菌的安全性评估

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Twenty Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) strains were selected based on the biodiversity previously observed in French traditional cheeses and their safety was assessed considering various safety criteria. For the majority of tested GNB strains, only gastric stress at pH 2 (vs pH 4) resulted in low survival and no regrowth after an additional simulated gastro-intestinal stress. Presence of milk was shown to be rarely protective. The majority of strains was resistant to human serum and had a low level of adherence to Caco-2 cells. When tested for virulence in Galleria mellonella larvae, GNB strains had LD 50 values similar to that of safe controls. However, four strains, Hafnia paralvei 920, Proteus sp. (close to P. hauseri) UCMA 3780, Providencia heimbachae GR4, and Morganella morganii 3A2A were highly toxic to the larvae, which suggests the presence of potential virulent factors in these strains. Noteworthy, to our knowledge, no foodborne intoxication or outbreak has been reported so far for any of the GNB belonging to the genera/species associated with the tested strains. The role of multiple dynamic interactions between cheese microbiota and GIT barriers could be key factors explaining safe consumption of the corresponding cheeses.
机译：根据先前在法国传统奶酪中观察到的生物多样性，选择了20株革兰氏阴性细菌（GNB）菌株，并根据各种安全标准对它们的安全性进行了评估。对于大多数测试的GNB菌株，在附加的模拟胃肠道应激后，只有pH 2的胃应激（相对于pH 4）导致存活率低，并且没有再生长。牛奶的存在很少能起到保护作用。大多数菌株对人血清具有抗性，并且对Caco-2细胞的粘附水平较低。当测试黑加仑幼虫的毒力时，GNB菌株的LD 50值与安全对照相似。然而，有四个菌株，Hafnia paralvei 920，Proteus sp。 （接近于P. hauseri）UCMA 3780，Providencia heimbachae GR4和摩根氏摩根氏菌3A2A对幼虫具有高毒性，这表明这些菌株中存在潜在的毒性因子。值得注意的是，据我们所知，到目前为止，尚未报告任何属于与被测菌株相关的属/种的GNB食源性中毒或爆发。奶酪菌群与GIT屏障之间的多种动态相互作用的作用可能是解释相应奶酪安全食用的关键因素。

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