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Biodiversity of mycobiota throughout the Brazil nut supply chain: From rainforest to consumer

机译：整个巴西坚果供应链中的菌群生物多样性：从热带雨林到消费者

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摘要

A total of 172 Brazil nut samples (114 in shell and 58 shelled) from the Amazon rainforest region and Sao Paulo state, Brazil was collected at different stages of the Brazil nut production chain: rainforest, street markets, processing plants and supermarkets. The mycobiota of the Brazil nut samples were evaluated and also compared in relation to water activity. A huge diversity of Aspergillus and Penicillium species were found, besides Eurotium spp., Zygomycetes and dematiaceous fungi. A polyphasic approach using morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as molecular and extrolite profiles, were studied to distinguish species among the more important toxigenic ones in Aspergillus section Flavi and A section Nigri. Several metabolites and toxins were found in these two sections. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in 3% of A. niger and 100% of A. carbonarius. Production of aflatoxins B and G were found in all isolates of A. arachidicola, A. bombycis, A nomius, A. pseudocaelatus and A pseudonomius, while aflatoxin B was found in 38% of A flavus and all isolates of A pseudotamarii. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was found in A bertholletius (94%), A tamarii (100%), A caelatus (54%) and A flavus (41%). Tenuazonic acid, a toxin commonly found in Alternaria species was produced by A. bertholletius (47%), A caelatus (77%), A nomius (55%), A pseudonomius (75%), A. arachidicola (50%) and A bombycis (100%). This work shows the changes of Brazil nut mycobiota and the potential of mycotoxin production from rainforest to consumer, considering the different environments which exist until the nuts are consumed.
机译：在巴西坚果生产链的不同阶段（雨林，街头市场，加工厂和超级市场）共收集了172个来自巴西亚马逊雨林地区和巴西圣保罗州的巴西坚果样品（带壳的114个，带壳的58个）。评估了巴西坚果样品的真菌菌群，并与水分活度进行了比较。除Euro属菌种，合酶菌和脱皮真菌外，还发现了曲霉菌和青霉菌的多样性。研究了一种利用形态和生理特征以及分子和外泌体特征的多相方法，以区分黄曲霉部分和黑曲霉部分中更重要的产毒物种。在这两个部分中发现了几种代谢物和毒素。在3％的黑曲霉和100％的碳曲霉中发现曲霉毒素A（OTA）。黄曲霉毒素B和G的产生在花生曲霉，A。bombycis，A nomius，拟假曲霉和假拟南芥的所有分离物中均被发现，而黄曲霉毒素B在38％的黄曲霉和所有假单胞菌中被发现。在A bertholletius（94％），A tamarii（100％），A caelatus（54％）和A flavus（41％）中发现了环苯甲磺酸（CPA）。 Tenuazonic酸是一种常见于链格孢属的毒素，由伯氏let虫（A. bertholletius）（47％），盲肠（A％）（77％），Anomius（55％），Pseudonomius（75％），A。arachidicola（50％）和肉豆蔻（100％）。这项工作表明了巴西坚果类真菌群的变化以及从雨林到消费者的真菌毒素生产潜力，考虑到坚果被食用之前存在的不同环境。

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  • 来源
    《Food microbiology》 |2017年第2期|14-22|共9页
  • 作者

    Marta H. Taniwaki; Jens C. Frisvad; Larissa S. Ferranti; Aline de Souza Lopes; Thomas O. Larsen; Maria Helena P. Fungaro; Beatriz T. Iamanaka;

  • 作者单位

    Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil;

    Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark;

    Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil;

    Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil;

    Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark;

    Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 6001, 6051-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil;

    Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL, C.P. 139, CEP 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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