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Exhaust emissions of non-road mobile machine: Real-world and laboratory studies with diesel and HVO fuels

机译：非道路移动机械的废气排放：使用柴油和HVO燃料进行的现实世界和实验室研究

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摘要

Exhaust emissions emitted by a non-road mobile machine were studied chasing a tractor in real-world conditions and repeating the same transient tests with a similar engine on an engine dynamometer where additionally, non-road steady state tests were carried out. The engines were equipped with an oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR)system, and they were fuelled by fossil diesel fuel with ultra-low sulphur content and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). By substituting diesel fuel with HVO the on-road emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduced 20% and particle number 44%, the emission factors being EFNOx =1.62 +/- 0.04 g/kWh and EFN = (28.2 +/- 7.8) x 10(13) #/kWh. Similar trend was observed for NOx at laboratory although the emissions were somewhat smaller than on-road. In contrast to real-world, in the laboratory experiment the EFN was only 2% smaller with HVO than with diesel, and these emission factors were almost one order of magnitude smaller than observed on-road. The number size distribution and volatility measurements showed that in real-world experiments small nucleation mode particles were formed during uphill and during downhill in engine braking conditions. These were not observed at laboratory. However, nucleation mode particles were observed in the laboratory experiments at high load steady driving conditions. At steady state tests the emissions strongly depended on engine load and engine speed with both fuels. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：研究了在现实条件下追赶拖拉机并在发动机测力计上使用类似发动机重复相同的瞬态测试的情况，研究了非道路移动机械排放的废气，此外还进行了非道路稳态测试。这些发动机配备了氧化催化剂（DOC）和选择性催化还原（SCR）系统，并由具有超低硫含量的化石柴油和加氢处理的植物油（HVO）进行燃料供应。通过用HVO代替柴油，公路上的氮氧化物（NOx）排放减少了20％，颗粒数量减少了44％，排放因子为EFNOx = 1.62 +/- 0.04 g / kWh和EFN =（28.2 +/- 7.8） x 10（13）＃/千瓦时在实验室中观察到类似的NOx趋势，尽管其排放量略小于公路行驶。与现实世界相反，在实验室实验中，HVO的EFN仅比柴油小2％，并且这些排放因子比在道路上观察到的排放因子小近一个数量级。数值大小分布和挥发性测量结果表明，在实际实验中，在发动机制动条件下的上坡和下坡期间形成了小的成核模式颗粒。这些在实验室没有观察到。但是，在实验室实验中在高负载稳定行驶条件下观察到成核模式颗粒。在稳态测试中，排放量主要取决于两种燃料的发动机负荷和发动机转速。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Fuel》 |2017年第15期|154-164|共11页
  • 作者

    Pirjola L.; Ronkko T.; Saukko E.; Parviainen H.; Malinen A.; Alanen J.; Saveljeff H.;

  • 作者单位

    Metropolia Univ Appl Sci, Dept Technol, POB 4021, FI-00180 Helsinki, Finland|Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;

    Tampere Univ Technol, Aerosol Phys Lab, Dept Phys, POB 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;

    Tampere Univ Technol, Aerosol Phys Lab, Dept Phys, POB 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;

    Metropolia Univ Appl Sci, Dept Technol, POB 4021, FI-00180 Helsinki, Finland;

    Metropolia Univ Appl Sci, Dept Technol, POB 4021, FI-00180 Helsinki, Finland;

    Tampere Univ Technol, Aerosol Phys Lab, Dept Phys, POB 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;

    Turku Univ Appl Sci, Sepankatu 1, Turku 20700, Finland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Real-world emissions; Diesel engine; Tractor; HVO; Exhaust emissions; Particle size distribution; NOx;

    机译：实际排放;柴油机;拖拉机;HVO;排放;颗粒尺寸分布;NOx;

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