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首页> 外文期刊>Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution >On the origin of artichoke and cardoon from the Cynara gene pool as revealed by rDNA sequence variation
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On the origin of artichoke and cardoon from the Cynara gene pool as revealed by rDNA sequence variation

机译：rDNA序列变异揭示了洋蓟和菜蓟从Cynara基因库的起源

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The evolutionary history of artichoke and cultivated cardoon and their relationships to wild allies of the genus Cynara are not fully understood yet. To try resolve the evolutionary patterns leading to the domestication of these two crops, a study of molecular evolution was undertaken. The species C. cardunculus, including artichoke, cultivated and wild cardoon, together with four wild Cynara species were taken into consideration. Internal (ITS) and external (ETS) rDNA transcribed spacers were used as markers of nuclear genome, the psbA-trnH spacer as a marker of chloroplast genome. Sequences were analysed using phylogenetic analysis packages. Molecular data indicate that the whole genus is quite recent and that the domestication of artichoke and cultivated cardoon, crops diverging for reproduction system and use, are independent events which diverge in time and space. As for wild Cynara species, an evolutionary pattern consistent with their present geographical distribution was hypothesized in relation to the climatic changes occurring in the Mediterranean during the last 20 millennia: C. humilis and C. cornigera appeared to have differentiated first, C. syriaca and C. baetica were differentiated in a second period, while C. cardunculus showed to be the most recent and plastic species. The high plasticity of C. cardunculus has not only allowed its nowadays wide distribution, but has also given the potential for domestication.
机译：朝鲜蓟和栽培的菜豆的进化史及其与Cynara属野生同盟的关系尚未完全了解。为了尝试解决导致这两种农作物驯化的进化模式，对分子进化进行了研究。 C. cardunculus物种，包括洋蓟，栽培和野生菜蓟，以及四种野生Cynara物种，均已纳入考虑范围。内部（ITS）和外部（ETS）rDNA转录间隔子被用作核基因组的标记，psbA-trnH间隔子被用作叶绿体基因组的标记。使用系统发育分析软件包分析序列。分子数据表明整个属是最近的，并且朝鲜蓟和栽培的菜豆的驯化，针对生殖系统和用途而异的作物是随时间和空间而异的独立事件。对于野生的Cynara物种，根据过去20千年在地中海发生的气候变化，推测了一种与其当前地理分布相一致的进化模式：C。humilis和C. cornigera似乎先分化了，C。syriaca和在第二个时期分化了C. baetica，而C. cardunculus被证明是最新的和可塑性的物种。 C. cardunculus的高可塑性不仅使其如今得以广泛分布，而且具有驯化的潜力。

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