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首页> 外文期刊>Genetica >Effects of Short-term Spontaneous Mutation Accumulation for Life History Traits in Grape Phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae
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Effects of Short-term Spontaneous Mutation Accumulation for Life History Traits in Grape Phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae

机译：短期自发突变积累对葡萄疫病菌Daktulosphaira vitifoliae的生活史特征的影响

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摘要

Mutation is the source of all genetic variation, but rate of input and effects of new mutations for phenotypic traits related to fitness and the role they play in the maintenance of genetic variation are still subject to controversy. These parameters are important in models of the evolution of sex and recombination, the persistence of asexual populations, and the extinction of small populations. Most estimates have come from a few model organisms. Here, mutation accumulation experiments were conducted with three clones of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, a gall forming herbivore and pest of grapes, to estimate the rate of input and effects of spontaneous mutation on life history traits. This is perhaps the first such experiment using a non-model organism of economic importance. Significant heritable genetic variation accrued in one of three sets of lines for one of four traits measured, and deleterious effects of mutation were found for two of four traits in two of the three sets of lines. Estimates of the parameters by the Bateman–Mukai (BM) method were within the range found in previous studies but at the lower end for genomic mutation rate, U ∼ 0.023 and mutational variance, V M ∼ 0.0003, the upper end for average heterozygous effect, α, of ∼ −0.11, and on the order of previous estimates for mutational heritability, h M ∼ 0.007. Under a model of equal effects of mutations, maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of U were slightly higher, and of α lower, than the BM estimates. Support limits were too large to provide much confidence in the ML estimates, however, and models of mutational effects assuming a gamma distribution of effects under different values of the shape parameter, β, could not be distinguished though likelihoods tended to be lower at lower values of β (more leptokurtic). Rapid accumulation of deleterious mutations suggest that for many pest species, adaptive response under agricultural conditions may depend more on the standing variation derived from introductions than new mutation.
机译：突变是所有遗传变异的源头，但是与适应性相关的表型性状的新输入率和新突变的作用及其在维持遗传变异中的作用仍存在争议。这些参数在性别和重组进化，无性种群的持续存在以及小种群灭绝的模型中很重要。大多数估计来自一些模型生物。在这里，对葡萄根瘤菌（Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch）的三个无性系进行了突变累积实验，这三个无性系食草和害虫是葡萄，以估计输入速率和自发突变对生活史特征的影响。这也许是首次使用具有经济重要性的非模式生物进行的此类实验。对于所测量的四个性状之一，在三组品系之一中产生了显着的遗传变异，并且在三组品系中的两个品系中，对四个性状中的两个发现了突变的有害影响。 Bateman-Mukai（BM）方法估计的参数在先前研究的范围内，但基因组突变率的下限为U〜0.023，变异方差为VM 〜0.0003，上限为平均杂合效应α约为-0.11，按突变遗传力先前估计的顺序约为0.007。在突变的均等效应模型下，U的最大似然（ML）估计值比BM估计值稍高，而α的估计值低。支持极限太大，无法在ML估计中提供足够的信心，但是，尽管在较低的值下可能性往往较低，但无法区分假设在形状参数β的不同值下效应的伽玛分布的突变效应模型。 β（更多的瘦素）。有害突变的迅速积累表明，对于许多有害生物而言，农业条件下的适应性反应可能更多地取决于引入的持续变化，而不是新的突变。

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