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Place attachment in gated neighbourhoods in China: Evidence from Wenzhou

机译：在中国封闭式社区中放置依恋：来自温州的证据

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China's new residential developments have widely taken the form of privately governed gated communities since the socialist work-unit housing system was terminated towards the end of the 1990s. Although many studies have recognised these emerging gated neighbourhoods as having improved physical conditions, there has also been a decline in neighbouring and thus they have profoundly changed the traditional collectivist regime of living in China. However, there is a lack of research into whether gated neighbourhoods cultivate a positive relationship with residents and how such relationships are shaped. Based on a questionnaire survey of 1034 households conducted in a variety of gated neighbourhoods in Wenzhou, China, this paper intends to fill the gap by using neighbourhood attachment as an indicator, and by examining the impacts of private governance. The results of regression modelling suggest that residents have considerably high place attachment in gated neighbourhoods and that private governance enhances neighbourhood attachment by emphasising market provisions. Through knowing their neighbours, being involved in neighbourhood public events, and being provided with a good neighbourhood image as well as privatised services, residents develop an attachment to the neighbourhood socially, symbolically and functionally. More importantly, by comparing market-led, mixed and state-led neighbourhoods, this research identifies the attachment in gated neighbourhoods as underlining the demand for private governance rather than for safety. Such a new form of neighbourhood governance, as illustrated in urban China, is consumption-oriented and results from the privatisation of public goods and services provision at the neighbourhood level.
机译：自从1990年代末社会主义单位住房制度终止以来，中国的新住宅开发已广泛采用了私人管理的封闭式社区形式。尽管许多研究已经认识到这些新兴的封闭式社区的身体条件有所改善，但邻里也有所减少，因此，它们深刻地改变了中国传统的集体主义生活方式。但是，缺乏关于封闭式社区是否与居民建立起积极关系以及这种关系如何形成的研究。在对中国温州多个封闭式社区的1034户家庭进行的问卷调查的基础上，本文旨在通过以社区依恋为指标，并研究私人治理的影响来填补这一空白。回归模型的结果表明，居民在封闭式社区中具有较高的场所依恋感，而私人治理则通过强调市场供应来增强社区依恋性。通过了解邻居，参与邻里公共活动，并获得良好的邻里形象以及私有化服务，居民在社交，象征和功能上发展了对邻里的依恋。更重要的是，通过比较以市场为主导，以混合为主导和以国家为主导的社区，这项研究确定了对封闭式社区的依恋强调了对私人治理而非安全的需求。如中国城市所示，这种新型的社区治理以消费为导向，是社区一级公共产品和服务提供私有化的结果。

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