...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Geomorphology >The history of human-induced soil erosion: Geomorphic legacies, early descriptions and research, and the development of soil conservation-A global synopsis
【24h】

The history of human-induced soil erosion: Geomorphic legacies, early descriptions and research, and the development of soil conservation-A global synopsis

机译：人为水土流失的历史：地貌遗产，早期描述和研究以及水土保持的发展-全球概要

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

This paper presents a global synopsis about the geomorphic evidence of soil erosion in humid and semihumid areas since the beginning of agriculture. Historical documents, starting from ancient records to data from the mid-twentieth century and numerous literature reviews form an extensive assortment of examples that show how soil erosion has been perceived previously by scholars, land surveyors, farmers, land owners, researchers, and policy makers. Examples have been selected from ancient Greek and Roman Times and from central Europe, southern Africa, North America, the Chinese Loess Plateau, Australia, New Zealand, and Easter Island. Furthermore, a comprehensive collection on the development of soil erosion research and soil conservation has been provided, with a particular focus on Germany and the USA. Geomorphic evidence shows that most of the agriculturally used slopes in the Old and New Worlds had already been affected by soil erosion in earlier, prehistoric times. Early descriptions of soil erosion are often very vague. With regard to the Roman Times, geomorphic evidence shows seemingly opposing results, ranging from massive devastation to landscapes remaining stable for centuries. Unfortunately, historical documentation is lacking. In the following centuries, historical records become more frequent and more precise and observations on extreme soil erosion events are prominent Sometimes they can be clearly linked to geomorphic evidence in the field. The advent of professional soil conservation took place in the late eighteenth century. The first extensive essay on soil conservation known to the Western world was published in Germany in 1815. The rise of professional soil conservation occurred in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Soil remediation and flood prevention programs were initiated, but the long-term success of these actions remains controversial. In recent years, increasing interest is to recover any traditional knowledge of soil management in order to incorporate it into modern soil conservation strategies. The study shows that local and regional variations in natural settings, cultural traditions, and socioeconomic conditions played a major role for the dynamics and the rates of soil erosion on a long-term perspective. Geomorphic evidence and historical sources can often complement each other, but there should be also an awareness of new pitfalls when using them together.
机译：本文介绍了自农业开始以来湿润和半湿润地区土壤侵蚀的地貌证据的全球概要。历史文献，从古代记录到二十世纪中叶的数据，再到众多文献评论，形成了各种各样的例子，这些例子表明学者，土地测量师，农民，土地所有者，研究人员和政策制定者以前是如何感知土壤侵蚀的。例子选自古希腊和罗马时期以及中欧，南部非洲，北美，中国黄土高原，澳大利亚，新西兰和复活节岛。此外，还提供了有关水土流失研究和水土保持发展的综合资料，特别是德国和美国。地貌证据表明，在旧世界和新世界中，大多数农业用坡在史前早期就已经受到土壤侵蚀的影响。关于水土流失的早期描述通常非常模糊。关于罗马时代，地貌证据显示出似乎相反的结果，从大规模的破坏到数百年来一直保持稳定的景观。不幸的是，缺乏历史文献。在随后的几个世纪中，历史记录变得更加频繁和精确，对极端土壤侵蚀事件的观察也很突出。有时，它们可以与田间的地貌证据清楚地联系在一起。专业水土保持的出现发生在18世纪后期。 1815年德国在德国发表了第一篇关于土壤保持的广泛论文。专业土壤保持的兴起发生于19世纪末和20世纪初。发起了土壤修复和防洪计划，但是这些行动的长期成功仍存在争议。近年来，人们越来越感兴趣的是恢复对土壤管理的任何传统知识，以将其纳入现代土壤保护策略。研究表明，从长远来看，自然环境，文化传统和社会经济条件的局部和区域变化对于土壤侵蚀的动态和速率起着重要作用。地貌证据和历史资料通常可以相互补充，但同时使用它们时，也应该意识到新的陷阱。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号