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首页> 外文期刊>The Leading Edge >Case study: AVO analysis in a high-impedance Atoka Sandstone (Pennsylvanian), North Arkoma Basin, McIntosh County, Oklahoma
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Case study: AVO analysis in a high-impedance Atoka Sandstone (Pennsylvanian), North Arkoma Basin, McIntosh County, Oklahoma

机译：案例研究：俄克拉荷马州麦金托什县北阿科玛盆地高阻抗阿托卡砂岩（宾夕法尼亚州）的AVO分析

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摘要

The variation of reflection coefficients with source-to-receiver spacing in multioffset seismic data is known to contain information about the lithology and pore-fluid content of subsurface rocks. However, such analysis is particularly challenging for thin, high-impedance reservoirs. In such instances, a key component of AVO analysis is a methodology for response calibration so that fluid properties can be interpreted vertically and laterally away from a borehole with a high degree of confidence. The use of AVO as a direct hydrocarbon indicator in clastic rocks is based on differences in the response of the compressional-wave (P-wave) velocity (V_P) and the shear-wave (S-wave) velocity (V_S) of a reservoir rock with the introduction of gas into the pore spaces. P-waves are sensitive to changes in pore fluids. The introduction of only a small amount of gas into the pore spaces of a rock can greatly reduce the P-wave velocity. In contrast, the S-wave velocity is only weakly dependent on pore fluid content. Thus, the introduction of hydrocarbons decreases the V_P/V_S ratio. This decrease, upon the introduction of gas into the pore space, changes the relative amplitudes of the reflections from the top and the base of the reservoir as a function of the angle of incidence. For thin beds (i.e., less than one-fourth wavelength) interference between reflections from the top and base of a reservoir may obscure the AVO response.
机译：已知多偏移地震数据中反射系数随源到接收器间距的变化包含地下岩石的岩性和孔隙流体含量的信息。但是，这种分析对于薄的高阻抗储层尤其具有挑战性。在这种情况下，AVO分析的关键组成部分是用于响应校准的方法，因此可以高度可信地从井眼纵向和横向解释流体属性。在碎屑岩中将AVO用作直接烃指示剂是基于储层的压缩波（P波）速度（V_P）和剪切波（S波）速度（V_S）的响应差异岩石，将气体引入孔隙空间。 P波对孔隙流体的变化敏感。仅将少量气体引入岩石的孔隙中会大大降低P波速度。相反，S波速度仅微弱地取决于孔隙流体的含量。因此，烃的引入降低了V_P / V_S比。在将气体引入孔隙空间后，这种减少随入射角的变化而改变了从储层顶部和底部反射的相对振幅。对于薄层（即波长小于四分之一的波长），来自储层顶部和底部的反射之间的干扰可能会掩盖AVO响应。

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