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Close-packed granular clusters: hydrostatics and persistent Gaussian fluctuations

机译：密堆积的颗粒团：静水力和持续的高斯波动

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摘要

Dense granular clusters often behave like macro-particles. We address this interesting phenomenon in a model system of inelastically colliding hard disks inside a circular box, driven by a thermal wall at zero gravity. Molecular dynamics simulations show a close-packed cluster of almost circular shape, weakly fluctuating in space and isolated from the driving wall by a low-density gas. The density profile of the system agrees very well with the azimuthally symmetric solution of granular hydrostatic equations employing constitutive relations by Grossman et al., whereas the widely used Enskog-type constitutive relations show poor accuracy. We find that fluctuations of the center of mass of the system are Gaussian. This suggests an effective Langevin description in terms of a macro-particle, confined by a harmonic potential and driven by delta-correlated noise. Surprisingly, the fluctuations persist when increasing the number of particles in the system.
机译：密集的颗粒簇通常表现得像宏观颗粒。我们在零重力下由热壁驱动的圆形盒内硬盘发生非弹性碰撞的模型系统中解决了这个有趣的现象。分子动力学模拟显示了一个密堆积的簇，几乎是圆形，在空间中波动很小，并通过低密度气体与驱动壁隔离。该系统的密度分布与Grossman等利用本构关系的粒状静水力方程的方位角对称解非常吻合，而广泛使用的Enskog型本构关系显示出较差的精度。我们发现系统质心的波动是高斯的。这表明，在宏观粒子方面，朗格万夫（Langevin）的描述是有效的，受到谐波电位的限制，并由δ相关噪声驱动。出人意料的是，当增加系统中的粒子数量时，波动仍然存在。

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