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Interactions between Karlodinium veneficum and Prorocentrum donghaiense from the East China

机译：东方香根草与东海原螯虾之间的相互作用

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摘要

The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense is a dominant harmful algal bloom (HAB) species on the East China Sea (ECS) coast. The co-occurrence of Karlodinium veneficum with P. donghaiense is often observed and can later develop into dense blooms. However, the role of K. veneficurn in P. donghaiense population dynamics is unknown. In the current study, three K. veneficum (GM1, GM2, and GM3) strains were isolated from the ECS with one (GM1) from a mixed, dense bloom of P. donghaiense and other HAB species. All three isolates had identical ITS sequences that were concordant with the species designation. Unique karlotoxin congeners were isolated from one strain (GM2). The sterol compositions of P. donghaiense and K. veneficum were consistent with sensitivity to karlotoxin in the former and insensitivity in the latter. Additional experimentation showed that: (1) in monocultures, higher growth rate of P. donghaiense than K. veneficum is observed in nutrient-enriched and nutrient-depleted media. In co-cultures, the growth of P. donghaiense is inhibited; (2) feeding on P. donghaiense by K. veneficum is clearly demonstrated by fluorescent dye tracking; and (3) the isolated karlotoxin is lethal to P. donghaiense in a concentration-dependent manner. From these studies we propose that K. veneficum may play a negative role in P. donghaiense bloom maintenance and that P. donghaiense may in turn be a bloom initiator as a prey item for K. veneficum. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：东海产鞭毛藻原螯虾是东海（ECS）海岸上的主要有害藻华（HAB）物种。经常观察到头孢霉与东海疟原虫共存，后来可能发展成致密的花。然而，尚不知道威尼菲草在东海假单胞菌种群动态中的作用。在当前的研究中，从ECS中分离出3株K. veneficum（GM1，GM2和GM3）菌株，从东海假单胞菌（P. donghaiense）和其他HAB物种的混合密集花中分离出一种（GM1）。所有三个分离物均具有与物种名称一致的相同ITS序列。从一种菌株（GM2）中分离出独特的karlotoxin同系物。东海假单胞菌和veneficum的固醇成分与前者对卡洛毒素的敏感性和后者的不敏感性一致。进一步的实验表明：（1）在单一培养物中，在营养丰富和营养枯竭的培养基中，东海假单胞菌的生长速率高于文氏假丝酵母。在共培养中，东海假单胞菌的生长受到抑制； （2）通过荧光染料追踪清楚地证明了以文氏假单胞菌为食的东海假单胞菌； （3）分离出的卡洛他辛以浓度依赖性方式对东海疟原虫致死。从这些研究中，我们建议K. veneficum可能在东海假单胞菌的花期维持中发挥消极作用，而P. donghaiense可能反过来又是作为K. veneficum猎物的花序引发剂。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2015年第11期|50-57|共8页
  • 作者

    Zhou Chengxu; Place Allen R.; Yan Xiaojun; Xu Jilin; Luo Qijun; William Ernest; Jiang Ying;

  • 作者单位

    Ningbo Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA;

    Ningbo Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Ningbo Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

    Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA;

    Ningbo Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Appl Marine Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Karlodinium veneficum; Prorocentrum donghaiense; Co-culture; Phagotrophy; Karlotoxin; Sterol;

    机译：Karlodinium是Donghaiense Oxyphysis dong-ense共同培养的吞噬菌;Karlotoxin;Sterrol;和;

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