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Skeletal preservation of children's remains in the archaeological record

机译：考古记录中对儿童遗骸的骨骼保护

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Taphonomy is an important consideration in the reconstruction of past environments and events. Taphonomic alterations and processes are commonly encountered on human skeletal remains in both archaeological and forensic contexts. It is these processes that can alter the appearance of bone after death and the properties of the bones influence their reaction to these processes thus leading to differential preservation within a skeletal sample, none more so than the remains of children. This study investigates the skeletal preservation of 790 child and adolescent skeletons from six contrasting early and late medieval cemeteries from Britain in an attempt to assess whether geographical location and geology had an effect on the overall preservation of the skeletons. Skeletons were examined from six cemeteries, namely; Auldhame in Scotland, Edix Hill and Great Chesterford from Cambridgeshire; St Oswald's Priory from Gloucester and Wharram Percy from Yorkshire, and finally, the site of Llandough in Wales. The state of preservation was assessed using the anatomical preservation index (API), qualitative bone index (QBI) and the bone representation index (BRI). Also the presence of natural and artificial taphonomic processes was recorded for each skeleton. The results show a specific pattern of preservation and representation for non-adult remains across all sites with some differences in the states of preservation from different geographical locations and geological influences. Children under two years of age were found to be less affected by taphonomic processes than their older counterparts. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：在重建过去的环境和事件时，音标是一个重要的考虑因素。在考古和法医背景下，人体骨骼遗骸通常都发生快速变化和过程。正是这些过程可以改变死亡后骨骼的外观，并且骨骼的性质会影响骨骼对这些过程的反应，从而导致骨骼样品内的差异性保存，而儿童的遗骸只不过如此。这项研究调查了来自英国六个不同的早期和晚期中世纪公墓的790个儿童和青少年骨骼的骨骼保存，以评估地理位置和地质状况是否对骨骼的整体保存产生影响。从六个墓地检查了骨骼。苏格兰的Auldhame，剑桥郡的Edix Hill和Great Chesterford；格洛斯特（Gloucester）的圣奥斯瓦尔修道院（St Oswald's Priory）和约克郡（Yorkshire）的Wharram Percy，最后是威尔士兰迪（Llandough）遗址。使用解剖保存指数（API），定性骨指数（QBI）和骨骼代表指数（BRI）评估保存状态。还记录了每个骨架存在自然和人工的离谱过程。结果表明，所有地点的非成年遗骸的保存和代表形式都有所不同，不同地理位置和地质影响的保存状态也有所不同。发现两岁以下的孩子比年龄较大的孩子受胶束处理的影响较小。 （C）2015 Elsevier GmbH。版权所有。

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    《HOMO》 |2015年第6期|520-548|共29页
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    Manifold B. M.;

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