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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Marine reserves and the evolutionary effects of fishing on size at maturation
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Marine reserves and the evolutionary effects of fishing on size at maturation

机译：海洋保护区和捕捞对成熟时大小的进化影响

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摘要

Size-selective fishing may induce rapid evolutionary changes in life-history traits such as size at maturation. A major concern is that these changes will reduce population biomass and detrimentally affect yield and recruitment. Although marine reserves have been proposed as a tool for fisheries management, their evolutionary implications have as yet attracted little scrutiny. A simple model is used to investigate whether marine reserves can be expected to mitigate the evolutionary impacts of fishing on maturation size. The adaptive dynamics of size at maturation are analysed based on a stage-structured population model including size-selective fishing and marine reserves with different retention rates. As has been shown before, imposing greater fishing mortality on the largest individuals promotes an evolutionary change towards smaller maturation size. In the model, protecting part of a fish stock using a marine reserve can prevent such fisheries-induced evolution, and this protection critically depends on the type and extent of movement between the reserve and the fished area. Specifically, although the frequent movement of large adults increases catches of large adult fish outside a marine reserve, it also reduces the reserve's effectiveness in preventing fisheries-induced evolution. In contrast, when there is exchange between protected and fished areas through juvenile export alone, a marine reserve can effectively prevent evolution towards smaller maturation size, but does so at the expense of reducing the yield of large adult fish. Differences in the movement behaviour of successive life stages need to be considered for marine reserves, to help make fisheries more sustainable evolutionary.
机译：大小选择捕鱼可能会引起生活史特征（例如成熟时的大小）的快速进化变化。一个主要问题是这些变化将减少种群生物量，并对产量和招聘产生不利影响。尽管有人提议将海洋保护区作为渔业管理的一种工具，但其发展意义尚未引起人们的广泛关注。一个简单的模型用于调查是否可以期望海洋保护区减轻捕鱼对成熟度的演变影响。基于阶段结构的种群模型，分析了成熟时大小的自适应动力学，该模型包括大小选择性捕鱼和具有不同保留率的海洋保护区。如前所述，将更大的捕捞死亡率强加给最大的个体会促进向较小成熟度的方向发展。在该模型中，使用海洋保护区保护部分鱼类种群可以防止这种渔业引起的进化，而这种保护至关重要地取决于保护区和捕鱼区之间活动的类型和程度。具体而言，尽管大型成年鱼的频繁活动增加了海洋保护区外大型成年鱼的捕捞量，但这也降低了该保护区在防止渔业引起的进化方面的有效性。相反，当仅通过少年出口进行保护区和捕捞区之间的交换时，海洋保护区可以有效地防止向较小成熟度的方向发展，但这样做的代价是降低了大型成鱼的产量。对于海洋保护区，需要考虑连续生命阶段的移动行为差异，以帮助使渔业更具可持续性。

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  • 来源
    《ICES Journal of Marine Science》 |2010年第3期|p.412-425|共14页
  • 作者

    Tanja Miethe; Calvin Dytham; Ulf Dieckmann; Jonathan W. Pitchford;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 313, York YO10 5YW, UK York Centre for Complex System Analysis, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany;

    rnDepartment of Biology, University of York, PO Box 313, York YO10 5YW, UK Vegetationsoekologie und Naturschutz, Universitaet Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;

    rnYork Centre for Complex System Analysis, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2367 Laxenburg Austria;

    rnDepartment of Biology, University of York, PO Box 313, York YO10 5YW, UK;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    connectivity; fitness; life-history evolution; metapopulation; size-structured model; spillover;

    机译：连接性;健身生活史演变;人群;尺寸结构模型;外溢;

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