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首页> 外文期刊>Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on >A statistical model for the ultrasonic backscattered echo from tissue containing microcalcifications
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A statistical model for the ultrasonic backscattered echo from tissue containing microcalcifications

机译：包含微钙化组织的超声回散射回波的统计模型

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摘要

Microcalcifications, generally seen in B-mode breast images as bright spots, often point to the presence of malignancies. Currently, statistical models to describe the signal strengths from tissue containing microcalcifications rely on the Rician or Nakagami densities. Because the Nakagami density requires the existence of randomly located scatterers with random cross sections, microcalcifications manifesting as isolated strong scatterers in the scattering volume makes it less suitable. Additionally, the absence of any regularly spaced scatterers also makes the Rician density less suitable. In this work, it is proposed that a 3-parameter McKay density with heavier tails than the Nakagami density, and hence more severe intensity fluctuations (speckle), might be a better fit to describe echo from tissue containing microcalcifications. This density is developed using a physical description of scattering and its characteristics are explored through random number simulation. Results demonstrate that the McKay densities have higher levels of speckle quantified through the speckle factor than the corresponding gamma densities (Nakagami for the envelope). Some preliminary analysis of tissue-mimicking phantoms modified to include microcalcification-like regions shows that higher speckle factors (seen with the McKay density) can be used to isolate and display microcalcifications. It is expected that this novel approach based on the McKay density will lead to newer and simpler means to detect and identify microcalcifications in ultrasonic B-scans.
机译：微钙化通常在B型乳腺图像中被视为亮点，通常表明存在恶性肿瘤。当前，用于描述来自包含微钙化的组织的信号强度的统计模型依赖于Rician或Nakagami密度。由于Nakagami密度要求存在具有随机横截面的随机分布的散射体，因此在散射体积中表现为孤立的强散射体的微钙化使其不太适用。另外，不存在任何规则间隔的散射体也使Rician密度不太合适。在这项工作中，提出了一个3参数的McKay密度，其尾部比Nakagami密度更重，因此强度波动（斑点）更严重，可能更适合描述包含微钙化组织的回声。使用散射的物理描述来开发此密度，并通过随机数模拟探索其特性。结果表明，通过散斑因子量化的麦凯密度散斑水平高于相应的伽马密度（中上皮）。对组织模仿体模进行了一些初步分析，这些体模被修改为包括微钙化样区域，表明较高的散斑因子（以McKay密度观察）可用于分离和显示微钙化。可以预期，这种基于McKay密度的新颖方法将导致更新和更简单的方法来检测和识别超声B扫描中的微钙化。

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