Comparing two diagnostic test's when two tests are applied to same patients and test scores are given in categories

Yoshiko Aoyama; Kenta Murotani; Takashi Yanagawa; Shuji Nagata

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Comparing two diagnostic test's when two tests are applied to same patients and test scores are given in categories

机译：比较将两种测试应用于同一个患者并且两种测试的得分在类别中给出的两种诊断测试

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摘要

Suppose that a new diagnostic test is developed for making sharp distinction between disease A and B. To show its superiority to the standard test, the study design is introduced that the new and standard test are applied blindly to each patient in two groups, one group is definitely known being contracted with disease A and the other definitely known being contracted with disease B, where test scores are given in categories by multiple readers (raters). The design inevitably limits the number of patients used for the comparison and dependency could be introduced between the results of two tests. Application of existing statistical methods is not easy to be justified since they are based on asymptotic distributions of test statistics. We develop in this paper a method based on conditional logistic regressions that is applicable to small size of data and is useful to show the superiority of the new test to standard test by adjusting for the effect of readers in the study design. The method is applied to the data for comparing a new test and standard test for differentiating between epidermal cyst and ganglion.

机译：假设开发了一种新的诊断测试以区分疾病A和疾病B。为了显示其优于标准测试的优势，引入了研究设计，将新测试和标准测试盲目地应用于两组的每位患者，一组肯定已知与疾病A感染，而另一个已知与疾病B感染，其中测试分数由多个读者（评估者）给出类别。该设计不可避免地限制了用于比较的患者数量，并且可能在两次测试的结果之间引入依赖性。现有统计方法的应用不容易被证明是正确的，因为它们是基于检验统计量的渐近分布的。我们在本文中开发了一种基于条件逻辑回归的方法，该方法适用于小数据量，通过调整读者在研究设计中的作用，可用于证明新测试对标准测试的优越性。该方法应用于数据，以比较区分表皮囊肿和神经节的新方法和标准方法。

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来源
《The Indian Journal of Statistics》 |2012年第1期|44-55|共12页
作者
Yoshiko Aoyama; Kenta Murotani; Takashi Yanagawa; Shuji Nagata;
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作者单位

Kurume University Center of Biostatistics, Kurume City, Japan;

Kurume University Center of Biostatistics, Kurume City, Japan;

Kurume University Center of Biostatistics, Kurume City, Japan;

The Department of Radiology Kurume University Faculty of Medicine, Kurume City, Japan;

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正文语种 eng
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Biostatistics; categorical data; logistic regression; ROC curve;

机译：生物统计学;分类数据;逻辑回归ROC曲线;

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7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. 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机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Comparing two diagnostic test's when two tests are applied to same patients and test scores are given in categories

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