In the age of mass media, the political economy of media and communication has engaged with political economy concepts in a rather limited way. It was mostly concerned with the ownership of means of production and its impact on media content and with media conglomerates and issues such as ideology, manipulation, power, and democracy. It was concerned with the base and superstructure argument. Those who own the means of mass media production can control the audience and their perception of reality. Or as Marx famously put it: 'The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas.'
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