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Multimedia surrogates for video gisting: Toward combining spoken words and imagery

机译：多媒体替代视频指导：将口语和图像结合起来

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Good surrogates that allow people to quickly derive the gist of videos without taking the time to view the full video are crucial to video retrieval and browsing systems. Although there are many kinds of textual and visual surrogates used in video retrieval systems, there are few audio surrogates in practice. To evaluate the effectiveness of audio surrogates alone and in combination with one kind of visual surrogate, fast forwards, a user study with 48 participants was conducted. The study investigated the effects of manually and automatically generated spoken keywords and spoken descriptions, using a text-to-speech synthesizer, on six specific video gisting tasks. Results demonstrate that manually generated spoken descriptions are better than both manually generated spoken keywords and fast forwards for video gisting. Both spoken keywords, whether manually or automatically generated, and fast forwards are better than automatically extracted descriptions. High quality spoken summaries were found very effective for video gisting. Combining fast forwards with either type of spoken text was not significantly better than any of the individual spoken surrogates; however, the visual elements added subjective value to the user experience. Adding spoken descriptions or keywords as surrogates to video retrieval and browsing systems is recommended.
机译：良好的替代方法使人们能够快速得出视频的要旨而又不花时间查看完整的视频，这对于视频检索和浏览系统至关重要。尽管在视频检索系统中使用了多种文本和视觉替代，但实际上很少有音频替代。为了评估音频替代的有效性，并结合一种视觉替代，快速前进来评估音频替代的有效性，进行了48名参与者的用户研究。这项研究使用文本到语音合成器，调查了手动和自动生成的口语关键词和口语描述对六个特定视频关键任务的影响。结果表明，手动生成的语音描述比手动生成的语音关键词和视频导航的快速转发都更好。无论是手动还是自动生成的口头关键字和快速转发都比自动提取的描述要好。高质量的语音摘要被认为对视频录音非常有效。将快进与任何一种口语文本结合起来并不比任何单个口头替代都明显好。但是，视觉元素增加了用户体验的主观价值。建议将语音描述或关键字作为替代添加到视频检索和浏览系统。

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