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Supererogatory Forgiveness

机译:超级宽恕

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摘要

While forgiveness is widely recognised as an example of a supererogatory action, it remains to be explained precisely what makes forgiveness supererogatory, or the circumstances under which it is supererogatory to forgive. Philosophers often claim that forgiveness is supererogatory, but most of the time they do so without offering an adequate explanation for why it is supererogatory to forgive. Accordingly, the literature on forgiveness lacks a sufficiently nuanced account of the supererogatory status of forgiveness. In this paper, I seek to remedy this shortcoming by offering a systematic account of forgiveness as an example of a supererogatory action. In terms of explaining the supererogatory status of forgiveness, I will argue that, to qualify as supererogatory, a forgiving action must fulfil three conditions: (i) it must be permissible; (ii) it must not be obligatory; and (iii) it must be good or praiseworthy, that is, it must have a certain moral value. Moreover, a distinction is drawn between "unconditional" and "conditional" forgiveness. I argue that conditional forgiveness (i.e., forgiveness of repentant wrongdoers) is sometimes a duty and sometimes supererogatory, whereas unconditional forgiveness (i.e., forgiveness of unrepentant wrongdoers) is typically supererogatory or beyond duty.
机译:虽然宽恕已被公认为是一种过激行为的例子,但仍有待确切解释是什么原因使宽恕成为了过激行为,或在什么情况下宽恕成为过激行为。哲学家经常声称宽恕是过度屈服的,但是大多数时候,他们没有对为什么宽恕是过度屈服的做出充分解释。因此,有关宽恕的文献缺乏对宽恕的过度屈光状态的足够细致的解释。在本文中,我试图通过提供系统的宽恕作为超强行动的例子来弥补这一缺陷。在解释宽恕的超级代表地位时,我将争辩说,为获得超级代表资格,宽恕行为必须满足三个条件:(i)必须允许; (ii)它不是必须的; (iii)它必须是好的或值得称赞的,也就是说,它必须具有一定的道德价值。此外,在“无条件的”和“有条件的”宽恕之间作了区分。我认为有条件的宽恕(即re悔的不法行为者的宽恕)有时是一种义务,有时是过度屈从的,而无条件的宽恕(即无悔改的不法者的宽恕)通常是过分屈服的或超出职责的。

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  • 来源
    《Inquiry》 |2010年第6期|p.540-564|共25页
  • 作者

    ESPEN GAMLUND;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Philosophy, University of Bergen, P.b 7805, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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