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Assessment of the impact of a fully electrified postal fleet for urban freight transportation

机译：评估完全电气化的邮政局舰队对城市货运的影响

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The progressive electrification of urban distribution fleets, motivated by the consolidation of electric vehicle technology and by the mobility advantages that cities grant to non-polluting vehicles, poses future challenges that affect electrical distribution networks. This paper simulates the main last mile distribution models that can be adopted in a mega-city such as Madrid. In particular, the impact of carrying out the full load of the last mile distribution by means of electric vehicles is analyzed. Two fundamental aspects are studied, the efficiency of the different routes developed by each transport vehicle and the impact that these routes have in the electrical distribution network. For this purpose, an intelligent route planner, capable of optimizing the distribution of the load among the number of vehicles available in each postal service hub (PSH), is combined with a Reference Network Model that designs and expands the distribution network to supply consumers and electric vehicles. Several scenarios in terms of location and segmentation of postal service hubs are analyzed. From this analysis, it is concluded that reinforcements on the distribution network are avoided if the operation is decentralized (using fourteen PSHs), since a centralized operation (a single PSH) would require longer routes with higher energy consumption. Moreover, decentralized operation would enhance the emissions reduction achieved by electrifying the fleet, since the estimated absolute emissions of the electrified fleet for a decentralized scenario are up to 50% lower compared to a centralized one. Finally, the results reveal that smart charging strategies also contribute to lessen the incremental costs in the distribution network, in addition to significantly reducing the cost of energy supply.
机译：城市分销舰队的渐进式电气化，通过电动汽车技术的整合和城市授予非污染车辆的移动优势，造成了影响电气分配网络的未来挑战。本文模拟了最前一英里分发型号，可以在Madrid等兆瓦上采用。特别地，分析了通过电动车辆进行最后一英里分布的全部负荷的影响。研究了两个基本方面，每个运输车辆开发的不同路线的效率和这些路线在配电网络中的影响。为此目的，能够优化每个邮政服务中心（PSH）中可用的车辆数量的载荷分配的智能路线规划仪与设计和扩展分销网络以供应消费者和消费者的参考网络模型相结合电动车。分析了邮政服务中心的位置和分割方面的几种情景。从该分析中，得出结论，如果操作分散（使用十四个PSH），则避免了在分配网络上的增强措施，因为集中操作（单个PSH）需要更长的能量消耗的路线。此外，分散的操作将增强通过通电舰队实现的减排，因为与集中式的电气化方案的电气化舰队的绝对排放量高达50％。最后，结果表明，智能收费策略还有助于减少分销网络中的增量成本，以及显着降低能源供应成本。

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