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首页> 外文期刊>The International Journal of Productivity and performance management >Grocery shelf stocking tool: analysis of productivity and human factors
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Grocery shelf stocking tool: analysis of productivity and human factors

机译：杂货货架库存工具：生产率和人为因素分析

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Purpose - Grocery store tasks provide many opportunities for efficiency and ergonomic improvements. Shelf stocking is one task that has received considerable attention in recent years as grocery stores seek to remain competitive by stocking shelves in an efficient manner in order to satisfy customers. The purpose of this paper is to detail an analysis performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a grocery store shelf stocking tool. This shelf stocking aid is a device designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of stocking and fronting shelves in a supermarket or a similar retail environment. Design/methodology/approach - To test the claims that the device actually does improve stocking accuracy, efficiency, and ergonomic soundness, an experiment was conducted to compare the processes of stocking shelves and fronting items on shelves with and without the stocking tool. In creating the realistic conditions of a real-world store environment, extensive inquiry about item stocking and fronting procedures was made by visiting stores and discussing the stocking and fronting tasks with industry experts. Tests were performed at varying combinations of shelf heights, shelf fullness, with and without First-In First-Out processing, and with various merchandise sizes and shapes. Findings - The results indicate that the shelf stocking tool significantly reduces shelf stocking and fronting time. The ergonomic merits of the tool were also analyzed. A Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was performed to evaluate biomechanical and postural stresses experienced by a shelf stacker as they stock and front store shelves. It appears that the largest contributor to higher-than-expected RULA scores is extensive upper torso bending in the sagittal plane at the L5 S1 disc position. This is exacerbated as the stacker reaches lower shelves and bends forward to reach under the shelf directly above the item being stocked or fronted. Research limitations/implications - Only three tall and five short items were used in testing. More testing is needed to draw conclusions about stacking items. Cumulative fatigue effects were not tested nor were the locations of specific physical discomfort. Testing was not done to examine simultaneously fronting two rows with the shelf stocking tool. Testing was not done to simulate the use of a step stool, including moving and repositioning the step stool for manual restocking and fronting on high shelves. The step stool handling would improve relative performance of the shelf stocking tool because the tool eliminates the need for a step stool. Practical implications - Grocery store shelf stocking associates are at risk of developing cumulative trauma type injuries from awkward posture that they have to use when stocking shelves. With many small items on a shelf that are continually becoming disheveled as customers purchase the items, there are significant inefficiencies in continually arranging and rearranging the items as well as adding new. The analysis of a tool of the type tested here has shown that the use of a simple tool such as the one tested can go a long way to improving both of these elements of the stocking and fronting task. Originality/value - While the shelf stocking tool is not necessarily a remedy for bending, it appears to reduce more pronounced bending than what is required without it. For stocking or fronting upper shelves, it also appears to reduce the extensive reaches (the second most stressful contributor to the high RULA scores). This approach to stocking and fronting shelves has helped to verify the idea that a tool such as this can help to improve not only the speed and efficiency at which the task is accomplished it can also reduce the stress on the back and shoulders during this tedious task.
机译：目的-杂货店的任务为效率和人体工程学改进提供了许多机会。货架放养是近年来受到广泛关注的一项任务，因为杂货店试图通过有效地放养货架来保持竞争力以使顾客满意。本文的目的是详细分析分析以评估杂货店货架放养工具的有效性。该货架放养辅助装置是一种旨在提高在超市或类似零售环境中放养和摆放货架的准确性和效率的装置。设计/方法/方法-为了测试声称该设备确实确实提高了放养准确性，效率和人体工程学的可靠性，我们进行了一项实验，以比较使用和不使用放养工具的放养货架和正面物品的过程。在创建实际商店环境的现实条件时，通过拜访商店并与行业专家讨论库存和堆放任务，对物品的存放和堆放程序进行了广泛的询问。在有或没有先进先出处理以及商品尺寸和形状各不相同的情况下，以不同的货架高度，货架饱满度组合进行测试。结果-结果表明，货架库存工具显着减少了货架库存和装卸时间。还分析了该工具的人体工程学优点。进行了快速上肢评估（RULA），以评估货架堆积器在存放和存放前货架时所经历的生物力学和姿势应力。看起来，RULA得分高于预期的最大原因是在L5 S1椎间盘位置的矢状面内广泛的上躯干弯曲。当堆垛机到达较低的货架并向前弯曲以到达货架下方时，这种情况会更加恶化。研究的局限性/含义-测试中仅使用了三个高个子和五个矮个子。需要更多测试以得出有关堆叠项目的结论。没有测试累积疲劳效果，也没有测试特定身体不适的位置。未进行测试以使用架子放样工具同时检查两排前面的情况。没有进行测试以模拟脚踏凳的使用，包括移动和重新放置脚踏凳以进行人工补货和放在高架子上。阶梯凳的处理将提高架子放养工具的相对性能，因为该工具消除了对阶梯凳的需要。实际意义-杂货店货架上的同事有可能因累积货架时不得不使用的笨拙姿势而遭受累积的创伤类型伤害。由于客户购买物品时货架上的许多小物品不断变得不堪重负，因此在连续安排和重新布置物品以及添加新物品时，效率很低。对此处测试类型的工具的分析表明，使用简单的工具（例如，测试的工具）可以大大改善放牧和前沿任务的这两个要素。原创性/价值-尽管货架工具不一定是弯曲的补救措施，但与没有弯曲工具相比，它似乎可以减少更明显的弯曲。对于放养或摆放上层货架，这似乎也减少了延伸范围（RULA得分高的第二大压力源）。这种存放和摆放货架的方法有助于验证这种工具不仅可以提高完成任务的速度和效率，而且还可以减轻这一繁琐任务的负担，从而减轻了这种想法。 。

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