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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of urban and regional research >Creating an Environment for Economic Growth: Creativity, Entrepreneurship or Human Capital?
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Creating an Environment for Economic Growth: Creativity, Entrepreneurship or Human Capital?

机译：为经济增长创造环境：创造力，企业家精神还是人力资本？

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摘要

Scholars and policymakers interested in the growth and prosperity of regions have long recognized that talent and knowledge are fundamental. Yet the question is what types of talent are needed in a growing twenty-first-century economy: human capital, creativity and innovation, or entrepreneurship? The latter we define broadly to include any type of risk taking, and not only radical innovation. The literature does not clearly point to one factor as being the most essential. This study assesses this question separately for rural and urban United States (US) counties. We find that human capital--measured by educational attainment--is considerably more conducive to employment growth than the share of creative occupations. Likewise, the share of small and medium businesses is also very conducive to local growth, although this does not apply to the self-employment share. Rural and urban areas experience similar patterns, although the magnitude thereof tends to be larger for urban counties, whereas high-technology employment share has had a positive effect in rural areas. Policy conclusions suggest that enhancing small business development and increasing educational attainment are the two strategies that are most likely to succeed.
机译：对地区的增长和繁荣感兴趣的学者和政策制定者早就认识到人才和知识是基础。但是问题是，在二十一世纪的经济增长中，需要哪些类型的人才：人力资本，创造力和创新力或企业家精神？我们对后者进行了广泛的定义，以包括任何类型的冒险活动，而不仅仅是激进创新。文献没有明确指出一个因素是最重要的。本研究分别针对美国农村和城市县评估了这个问题。我们发现，以教育程度来衡量的人力资本比创意职业所占的份额更有利于就业增长。同样，中小企业的份额也非常有利于当地的增长，尽管这不适用于自营职业的份额。尽管城市县的规模往往更大，但农村和城市地区经历了类似的模式，而高科技就业份额在农村地区产生了积极影响。政策结论表明，促进小企业发展和提高教育程度是最有可能成功的两种策略。

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