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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied econometrics >EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF INCOME DYNAMICS ACROSS EU REGIONS
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EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF INCOME DYNAMICS ACROSS EU REGIONS

机译：整个欧盟地区收入动态的经验证据

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摘要

This paper analyses the distribution of purchasing power standardized per capita income across EU-12 regions between 1977 and 1996. Dispersion of incomes between regions is measured taking into account their population sizes. The cross-sectional distributions are initially described by weighted kernel density estimates, revealing a multimodal structure of the distributions, less evident over the period. This evidence is supported by a bootstrap test. To detect homogeneous groups of regions, the empirical distributions are approximated by a finite mixture of normal densities. The components of the mixture represent clusters of poor/rich regions, while the mixing proportions the allocation over the poor and the rich components. The number of components is assessed by a bootstrap LR test, and the goodness of fit by a kernel density-based test. Income mobility is modelled by the stochastic kernel, the continuous counterpart of the transition probability matrix. The main implication is a very slow process of catching up of the poorest regions with the richer ones and a process of shifting away of a small group of very rich regions. This evidence is reflected in the shape of the ergodic distribution, which is well fitted by a two-component mixture model.
机译：本文分析了1977年至1996年间EU-12地区购买力标准化人均收入的分布。考虑到地区人口规模，对地区之间的收入差异进行了衡量。横截面分布最初是通过加权核密度估计来描述的，揭示了分布的多峰结构，在此期间不太明显。该证据得到引导测试的支持。为了检测均匀的区域组，经验分布可以通过法向密度的有限混合来近似。混合物的成分代表贫富地区的集群，而混合比例则分配了贫富地区。组件的数量通过bootstrap LR测试进行评估，而拟合优度则通过基于内核密度的测试进行评估。收入迁移率是由随机核（过渡概率矩阵的连续对等物）建模的。主要含义是，要赶上最贫穷的地区和较富裕的地区的过程非常缓慢，而要转移一小部分非常富裕的地区的过程是非常缓慢的。遍历分布的形状反映了这一证据，该分布很适合二元混合物模型。

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