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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied sciences and environmental management >Effect of Dimethoate Residues on Soil Micro-arthropods Population in the Valley of Zendan,Yemen
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Effect of Dimethoate Residues on Soil Micro-arthropods Population in the Valley of Zendan,Yemen

机译：乐果残渣对也门岑丹河谷土壤微节肢动物种群的影响

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摘要

The present study aimed to screen the effect of overuse of the insecticide Dimethoate and its residues within 0 -15 cm soil layer on the soil micro-arthropods population, which play a very important role in maintenance of the fertility of the soil. The valley of Zendan is located in Arhab Dcstrict, Sana'a Governorate. Yemen. The valley is about 50 km north-east of Sana'a city and this geographical area is a large producer of Qat (Catha edulis Forsk); the plant which most of the people in the country chew. In this study the valley divided into three stations, each station contained three treated substations and three control substations. The control substations selected from the farms, which are historically free from pesticides. Due care has been taken to insure that the treated sub-stations were from the closest area to the control substations. The average use of Dimethoate 40% E.C is 1-2 ml/L water. The treatment replication was 1-3 times within the period of 2-3 weeks. In this study also, we analyzed the total concentration of Dimethoate, and its metabolite; Omethoate in the soil layer of 0-15 cm. The analysis of Dimethoate and Omethoate residues from representative soil samples covered the major part of the Zendan valley was done by the technique of LC-MS, and the results revealed that the detected levels ranged from 0.914 to 5.180 mg/kg air-dried soil for Dimethoate residues and 0.001 to 0.067 mg/kg air-dried soil for Omethoate residues. For studying the effect of Dimethoate residues on the soil micro-arthropods population, soil samples from each substation were collected with core sampler. The soil micro-arthropods were extracted for 48 hours and collected in vials containing 70% alcohol by using the extraction funnels technique. The number and type of soil micro-arthropods extracted from each substation were separated and recorded and the data obtained was analyzed. The outcomes of the study revealed that Dimethoate and Omethoate residues are beyond the Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) and significantly reduced the population of the non-target soil micro-arthropods that included mainly mites, collembolans, beetle larvae, trips, cutworms, symphyla and seed corn maggot. Mites and collembolans were the most affected micro-arthropods by Dimethoate and Omethoate residues. The reduction in the soil micro-arthropods population varied from 59% to 69% as compared to its population in control substations. The maximum decline of soil microarthropods was found to be in substations where the highest residues of Dimcthoale and Omethoale were recorded. Thus indiscriminate use of pesticides such as Dimethoate will definitely affect the soil fertility in the area and that will reduce the crop yield in future.
机译：本研究旨在筛选过量使用杀虫剂乐果及其残留物在0 -15厘米土壤层中对土壤微节肢动物种群的影响，这在维持土壤肥力中起着非常重要的作用。 Zendan山谷位于萨那省的Arhab Dcstrict。也门该山谷位于萨那市东北约50公里处，该地理区域是卡塔尔（Catha edulis Forsk）的大型生产地；该国大多数人咀嚼的植物。在本研究中，山谷分为三个站点，每个站点包含三个处理过的变电站和三个控制变电站。从农场中选出的控制变电站，这些变电站历史上没有农药。已经采取适当的措施以确保所处理的变电站是从最近的区域到控制变电站。 40％E.C乐果的平均用量是1-2 ml / L水。在2-3周内重复进行1-3次治疗。在这项研究中，我们还分析了乐果及其代谢产物的总浓度。氧化乐果在土壤层的0-15厘米。用LC-MS技术分析了涵盖在Zendan谷大部分地区的代表性土壤样品中的乐果和乐果残留，结果表明，风干土壤的检出水平为0.914至5.180 mg / kg。乐果残渣和0.001至0.067 mg / kg的风干土壤中的乐果残渣。为了研究乐果残留对土壤微节肢动物种群的影响，使用核心采样器收集了每个变电站的土壤样品。将土壤微节肢动物提取48小时，并使用提取漏斗技术将其收集在含70％酒精的小瓶中。从每个变电站提取的土壤节肢动物的数量和类型被分离并记录下来，并对获得的数据进行分析。研究结果表明，乐果和乐果的残留量超过了总阈限浓度（TTLC），并显着减少了非目标土壤微型节肢动物的数量，其中主要包括螨虫，秋水仙，甲虫幼虫，旅行，角虫，共生菌和种子玉米。受乐果和乐果残基的影响，螨和collembolans是受影响最严重的微型节肢动物。与控制变电站相比，土壤中节肢动物的种群减少量从59％到69％不等。发现土壤微节肢动物最大的下降是在变电站，那里记录了敌敌菊酯和甲氧菊酯的最高残留。因此，不加选择地使用诸如乐果之类的杀虫剂肯定会影响该地区的土壤肥力，并在将来降低作物产量。

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