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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >Are Fuel Economy Standards Regressive?
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Are Fuel Economy Standards Regressive?

机译：燃油经济性标准会退化吗？

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摘要

Despite widespread agreement that a carbon tax would be more efficient, many countries use fuel economy standards to reduce transportation-related carbon dioxide emissions. We pair a simple model of the automakers' profit maximization problem with unusually rich nationally representative data on vehicle registrations to estimate the distributional impact of US fuel economy standards. The key insight from the model is that fuel economy standards impose a constraint on automakers that creates an implicit subsidy for fuel-efficient vehicles and an implicit tax for fuel-inefficient vehicles. Moreover, when these obligations are tradable, permit prices make it possible to quantify the exact magnitude of these implicit subsidies and taxes. We use the model to determine which vehicles are most subsidized and taxed, and we compare the pattern of ownership of these vehicles between high- and low-income census tracts. Finally, we compare these distributional impacts with existing estimates in the literature for a carbon tax.
机译：尽管人们普遍同意碳税将更加有效，但许多国家还是采用燃油经济性标准来减少与运输有关的二氧化碳排放。我们将汽车制造商的利润最大化问题的简单模型与异常丰富的全国汽车登记数据配对，以估算美国燃油经济性标准对分配的影响。该模型的关键见解是，燃油经济性标准对汽车制造商施加了约束，从而为节油型车辆创造了隐性补贴，为节油型车辆创造了隐性税收。此外，当这些义务是可交易的时，许可证价格可以量化这些隐含补贴和税收的确切数量。我们使用该模型来确定哪些车辆最受补贴和征税，并且我们比较了高收入和低收入普查区之间这些车辆的所有权模式。最后，我们将这些分布影响与文献中有关碳税的现有估计进行比较。

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