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Tax Incentives and the Price of Conservation

机译:税收优惠与保护价格

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摘要

We study the role of tax incentives in promoting a fast-growing and novel type of conservation: voluntary, permanent restrictions on private land use through conservation easements. In the United States, easements represent the largest charitable gift on a per-donation basis, but skeptics wonder if their tax preference merely subsidizes wealthy landowners rather than inducing conservation. We incorporate federal and state income tax codes into a calculator to quantify the after-tax donation price and demonstrate its sensitivity to landowner income and state and federal policies. Using a 1987–2012 panel, we measure the response of state-level easements to the price. Our large elasticity estimates, spanning −2.4 to −6.1, indicate that tax incentives induce conservation and do not merely subsidize it. We find no evidence that generous tax benefits have caused less strategic patterns of land conservation.
机译:我们研究了税收激励措施在促进快速发展的新型保护方面的作用:通过保护地役权自愿,永久性限制私人土地使用。在美国,地役权是每笔捐赠中最大的慈善捐赠,但是怀疑论者怀疑他们的税收优惠是否只是补贴了富裕的土地所有者而不是进行了保护。我们将联邦和州所得税代码纳入计算器,以量化税后捐赠价格,并证明其对土地所有者收入以及州和联邦政策的敏感性。我们使用1987-2012年的面板来衡量州一级地役权对价格的反应。我们对-2.4到-6.1的较大弹性估计表明,税收优惠政策可以诱使养护,而不仅仅是补贴养护。我们找不到证据表明慷慨的税收优惠导致较少的土地保护战略模式。

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