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Applying Machine Learning to Facilitate Autism Diagnostics: Pitfalls and Promises

机译:应用机器学习来促进自闭症诊断:陷阱和承诺

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摘要

Machine learning has immense potential to enhance diagnostic and intervention research in the behavioral sciences, and may be especially useful in investigations involving the highly prevalent and heterogeneous syndrome of autism spectrum disorder. However, use of machine learning in the absence of clinical domain expertise can be tenuous and lead to misinformed conclusions. To illustrate this concern, the current paper critically evaluates and attempts to reproduce results from two studies (Wall et al. in Transl Psychiatry 2(4):e100, 2012a; PloS One 7(8), 2012b) that claim to drastically reduce time to diagnose autism using machine learning. Our failure to generate comparable findings to those reported by Wall and colleagues using larger and more balanced data underscores several conceptual and methodological problems associated with these studies. We conclude with proposed best-practices when using machine learning in autism research, and highlight some especially promising areas for collaborative work at the intersection of computational and behavioral science.
机译:机器学习在行为科学中具有增强诊断和干预研究的巨大潜力,并且在涉及自闭症谱系障碍的高度普遍和异类综合症的研究中可能特别有用。但是,在缺乏临床领域专业知识的情况下使用机器学习可能会很困难,并导致错误的结论。为了说明这种担忧,本论文严格评估并尝试重现两项研究的结果(Wall等人在Transl Psychiatry 2(4):e100,2012a; PloS One 7(8),2012b)声称可以大幅度减少时间使用机器学习来诊断自闭症。我们未能使用更大,更平衡的数据无法得出与Wall及其同事所报告的结果可比的结论,这突显了与这些研究相关的一些概念和方法问题。我们以在自闭症研究中使用机器学习的最佳实践作为总结,并重点介绍了在计算科学与行为科学的交汇处进行协作工作的一些特别有希望的领域。

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