Behavioral Comparisons in Autistic Individuals from Multiplex and Singleton Families

Michael L. Cuccaro; Yujun Shao; Meredyth P. Bass; Ruth K. Abramson; Sarah A. Ravan; Harry H. Wright; Chantelle M. Wolpert; Shannon L. Donnelly; Margaret A. Pericak-Vance

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Behavioral Comparisons in Autistic Individuals from Multiplex and Singleton Families

机译：多重和单身家庭自闭症个体的行为比较

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Autistic disorder (AD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. The role of genetics in AD etiology is well established, and it is postulated that anywhere from 2 to 10 genes could be involved. As part of a larger study to identify these genetic effects we have ascertained a series of AD families: Sporadic (SP, 1 known AD case per family and no known history of AD) and multiplex (MP, ≥2 cases per family). The underlying etiology of both family types is unknown. It is possible that MP families may constitute a unique subset of families in which the disease phenotype is more likely due to genetic factors. Clinical differences between the two family types could represent underlying genetic heterogeneity. We examined ADI-R data for 69 probands from MP families and 88 from SP families in order to compare and contrast the clinical phenotypes for each group as a function of verbal versus nonverbal status. Multivariate analysis controlling for covariates of age at examination, gender, and race (MANCOVA) revealed no differences between either the verbal or nonverbal MP and SP groups for the three ADI-R area scores: social interaction, communication, and restricted/repetitive interests or behaviors. These data failed to find clinical heterogeneity between MP and SP family types. This supports previous work that indicated that autism features are not useful as tools to index genetic heterogeneity. Thus, although there may be different underlying etiologic mechanisms in the SP and MP probands, there are no distinct behavioral patterns associated with probands from MP families versus SP families. These results suggests the possibility that common etiologic mechanisms, either genetic and/or environmental, could underlie all of AD.

机译：自闭症（AD）是一种复杂的神经发育障碍。遗传学在AD病因中的作用已得到充分确立，并假定可能涉及2至10个基因。作为鉴定这些遗传效应的一项较大研究的一部分，我们确定了一系列AD家族：散发性（SP，每个家族1个已知AD病例，没有AD的已知病史）和多重性（MP，每个家族≥2例）。两种家族类型的潜在病因尚不清楚。 MP家族可能构成家族的独特子集，其中由于遗传因素，疾病表型更有可能出现。两种家族类型之间的临床差异可能代表潜在的遗传异质性。我们比较了来自MP家族的69个先证者和来自SP家族的88个先证者的ADI-R数据，以比较和对比每组的临床表型与语言和非语言状态之间的关系。控制检查，性别和种族的年龄协变量（MANCOVA）的多变量分析显示，在三个ADI-R区域得分中，言语或非言语MP和SP组之间没有差异：社交互动，沟通和限制性/重复性兴趣或行为。这些数据未能发现MP和SP家庭类型之间的临床异质性。这支持了以前的工作，这些工作表明自闭症特征不能用作索引遗传异质性的工具。因此，尽管SP和MP先证者可能有不同的潜在病因机制，但没有与MP家族和SP家族的先证者相关的独特行为模式。这些结果表明，遗传因素和/或环境因素可能是所有AD的基础。

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来源
《Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders》 |2003年第1期|87-91|共5页
作者
Michael L. Cuccaro; Yujun Shao; Meredyth P. Bass; Ruth K. Abramson; Sarah A. Ravan; Harry H. Wright; Chantelle M. Wolpert; Shannon L. Donnelly; Margaret A. Pericak-Vance;
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作者单位

W.S. Hall Psychiatric Institute Department of Neuropsychiatry University of South CarolinaCenter for Human Genetics Duke University Medical Center;

Center for Human Genetics Duke University Medical Center;

Center for Human Genetics Duke University Medical Center;

W.S. Hall Psychiatric Institute Department of Neuropsychiatry University of South Carolina;

W.S. Hall Psychiatric Institute Department of Neuropsychiatry University of South Carolina;

W.S. Hall Psychiatric Institute Department of Neuropsychiatry University of South Carolina;

Center for Human Genetics Duke University Medical Center;

Center for Human Genetics Duke University Medical Center;

Center for Human Genetics Duke University Medical Center;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
Autistic disorder; MANCOVA; behavior heterogeneity;

机译：自闭症;MANCOVA;行为异质性;

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1. Comparison of Oral Health Status and Saliva CRP Levels In Autistic and Non-Autistic Individuals [J] . Dr. Joseph Devasia, Dr. Sham S. Bhat, Dr. Nivedita L. Rao, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research . 2014,第2期

机译：自闭症患者和非自闭症患者口腔健康状况和唾液CRP水平的比较
2. Autistic traits in simplex and multiplex autism families: Focus on unaffected relatives [J] . HoekstraR.A., WheelwrightS. American journal of medical genetics, Part B. Neuropsychiatric genetics: the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics . 2010,第1期

机译：单纯性和多重性自闭症家庭的自闭症特征：关注未受影响的亲戚
3. Brief report: large individual variation in outcomes of autistic children receiving low-intensity behavioral interventions in community settings [J] . Yoko Kamio, Hideyuki Haraguchi, Atsuko Miyake, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health . 2015,第1期

机译：简要报告：在社区环境中接受低强度行为干预的自闭症儿童的结局个体差异很大
4. The origin of EL2 family evidenced by STM direct observations of individual photoquenching behaviors [C] . Akira Hida, Yutaka Mera, Koji Maeda, International conference on defects in semiconductors . 2003

机译：EL2家族的起源通过STM直接观察单个光析行为所证明
5. A COMPARISON OF THE EARLY SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF TWINS AND SINGLETONS. [D] . LEMOINE, RANDALL LOUIS. 1981

机译：双胞胎和新加坡人早期社会行为的比较。
6. Brief report: large individual variation in outcomes of autistic children receiving low-intensity behavioral interventions in community settings [O] . Yoko Kamio, Hideyuki Haraguchi, Atsuko Miyake, 2015

机译：简要报告：在社区环境中接受低强度行为干预的自闭症儿童的结局个体差异很大
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. 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Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。
8. Promoting Individual, Family, and Community Connectedness to Prevent Suicidal Behavior. Strategic Direction for the Prevention of Suicidal Behavior [R] . 2005

机译：促进个人，家庭和社区联系以预防自杀行为。预防自杀行为的战略方向

Behavioral Comparisons in Autistic Individuals from Multiplex and Singleton Families

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