...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>The journal of economic perspectives >From 'Made in China' to 'Innovated in China': Necessity, Prospect, and Challenges
【24h】

From 'Made in China' to 'Innovated in China': Necessity, Prospect, and Challenges

机译：从“中国制造”到“中国创新”：必要性，前景与挑战

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
   

获取外文期刊封面封底 >>

       
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

China's past success in economic growth means that its real manufacturing wage has increased by about 14-fold from 1980 to 2015. In addition, China's shrinking workforce since 2012 has added to the wage pressure. By necessity, China has to move to a growth model that is based more on innovation and productivity increase than in the past. Can China rise to the challenge? One sometimes hears an argument for the "middle-income trap hypothesis," which claims that only in exceptional cases can a middle-income country ever manage to become an innovative high-income economy. Indeed, the challenges facing China have often been expressed in the context of a possible middle-income trap by both the government of the country and some scholars (for example, OECD 2013; Ma 2016). Han and Wei (2015) do not find support for an unconditional notion of the middle-income trap hypothesis, using both a transition matrix analysis and a nonparametric analysis (by regression trees). Nonetheless, they identify certain conditions under which growth in a middle-income country could stagnate or even regress. We have argued that Chinese firms have demonstrated a capacity to become more innovative in response to wage pressure and global opportunities. The data on Chinese patents, both from a quantity and a quality perspective, appear encouraging enough that we should not be that pessimistic about China's prospects for a successful transition to a more innovation-based growth model. If China finds effective ways to embrace a shift to a more innovative economy, it can realize faster its dream of moving into the high-income club. The government subsidies tend to favor state-owned firms, and yet both domestic private sector firms and foreign-invested firms are more effective in converting investment in R&D to innovation outcomes as measured by patents. One meaningful step along those lines would be for China to reduce its apparent misallocation of innovation resources by leveling the playing field for firms of all ownership types, limiting the government's discretion in subsidies for research and development, and assuring that private sector firms have a fair chance at receiving those subsidies. This will be a helpful structural reform that will complement the reforms in stronger protection of intellectual property rights and in the education system.
机译：中国过去在经济增长中取得的成功意味着其实际制造业工资在1980年至2015年间增长了约14倍。此外，自2012年以来中国劳动力的萎缩加剧了工资压力。必然地，中国必须转向一种增长模式，这种增长模式比以往更多地基于创新和生产力的提高。中国能应对挑战吗？有人有时会听到一个关于“中等收入陷阱假说”的论点，该论点声称，只有在特殊情况下，中等收入国家才能成功成为创新型高收入经济体。确实，中国政府所面临的挑战通常是在国家政府和一些学者可能存在中等收入陷阱的背景下表达的（例如，OECD 2013； Ma 2016）。 Han和Wei（2015）并没有使用过渡矩阵分析和非参数分析（通过回归树）来支持中等收入陷阱假说的无条件概念。尽管如此，他们确定了中等收入国家的增长可能停滞甚至倒退的某些条件。我们认为，中国企业已经表现出了应对工资压力和全球机遇的创新能力。从数量和质量两个角度来看，关于中国专利的数据似乎都令人鼓舞，我们不应对中国成功过渡到以创新为基础的增长模式的前景感到悲观。如果中国找到有效的方法来迎接向更具创新性的经济的转变，它可以更快地实现进入高收入俱乐部的梦想。政府补贴往往偏向国有企业，但无论是国内私营企业还是外资企业，在将研发投入转化为专利成果所产生的创新成果方面，都更为有效。朝着这些方向迈出的有意义的一步是，中国应通过为所有所有制类型的公司提供公平的竞争环境，限制政府在研究与开发补贴方面的自由裁量权，并确保私营企业拥有公平的待遇来减少其明显的创新资源分配错误。有机会获得这些补贴。这将是有益的结构性改革，将补充对加强保护知识产权和教育体系的改革。

著录项

  • 来源
    《The journal of economic perspectives》 |2017年第1期|49-70|共22页
  • 作者

    Shang-Jin Wei; Zhuan Xie; Xiaobo Zhang;

  • 作者单位

    Columbia University, New York City, New York, and China Center for Economic Research;

    State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) of China, Beijing, China;

    Peking University, Beijing, China, and Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI);

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号