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Absorptive capacity and R&D outsourcing

机译：吸收能力与研发外包

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I analyze the determinants of research and development (R&D) outsourcing, or investments in R&D purchased from external providers. I build on the knowledge-based view of the firm (KBV) and the concept of absorptive capacity to propose a separation between the mechanisms that form the potential absorptive capacity that enables the firm to identify and integrate outsourced R&D knowledge into the firm, from the mechanisms that form the realized absorptive capacity that enables the firm to use and transform outsourced R&D knowledge into innovation. First, I propose that firms that engage with foreign customers and with foreign suppliers develop the potential absorptive capacity, an ability to understand new and complex external knowledge that is useful for integrating it with firm-internal knowledge, and thus invest more in R&D outsourcing. Second, I argue that firms that have more skilled employees and invest more in internal R&D develop the realized absorptive capacity, an ability to use and transform external knowledge, and as a result invest more in R&D outsourcing. Finally, I propose that these relationships are weakened when the firms are subsidiaries of foreign multinational firms operating in the country, because these firms can also build their absorptive capacity by being integrated with other country subsidiaries and the headquarters within the multinational. I test these arguments on a sample of manufacturing firms and find that firms that import, export, have more skilled employees, and have more internal R&D investment tend to invest more in R&D outsourcing. I also find that, for subsidiaries of foreign firms, the impact of skilled employees and internal R&D on R&D outsourcing is lower than for domestic firms. These ideas provide a theory-driven explanation of the determinants of R&D outsourcing that refine the notion of absorptive capacity and its two dimensions, potential and realized. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：我分析了研发（R＆D）外包或从外部提供商那里购买的R＆D投资的决定因素。我以企业的知识观（KBV）和吸收能力的概念为基础，提出了形成潜在吸收能力的机制之间的分离，这些机制使企业能够识别并整合外包的研发知识到企业中。形成已实现吸收能力的机制，使企业能够使用外包的R＆D知识并将其转化为创新。首先，我建议与外国客户和外国供应商互动的公司应具有潜在的吸收能力，即一种理解新的复杂外部知识的能力，这有助于将其与公司内部知识相结合，从而在研发外包方面进行更多投资。其次，我认为拥有更多熟练员工并在内部研发上投入更多的公司会开发出已实现的吸收能力，使用和转换外部知识的能力，从而在研发外包上投入更多的资金。最后，我建议当这些公司是在该国运营的外国跨国公司的子公司时，这些关系会被削弱，因为这些公司还可以通过与其他国家子公司和跨国公司总部整合而建立自己的吸收能力。我在一个制造公司的样本上检验了这些论点，发现进口，出口，拥有更多熟练员工以及拥有更多内部研发投资的公司倾向于在研发外包上投入更多的资金。我还发现，对于外国公司的子公司而言，熟练员工和内部研发对研发外包的影响要小于国内公司。这些想法为研发外包的决定因素提供了理论驱动的解释，这些决定完善了吸收能力的概念及其两个维度（潜力和实现）。 （C）2017 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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