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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Amino acid ~(15)N trophic enrichment factors of four large carnivorous fishes
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Amino acid ~(15)N trophic enrichment factors of four large carnivorous fishes

机译：四种大型肉食性鱼类的氨基酸〜（15）N营养富集因子

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Ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies require knowledge of trophic relationships. Trophic position (TP) estimates from compound specific nitrogen isotopic analysis of amino acids (AA-CSIA) show promise as the method can disentangle confounding factors associated with changing δ~(15)N values at the base of the food web, but it has yet to be tested in many organisms. This novel technique requires two empirically determined biological parameters: 1) β, the difference in δ~(13)N values between glutamic acid (glu) and phenylalanine (phe) in primary producers and 2) trophic enrichment factor (TEF), the ~(15)N enrichment of glu and phe at each trophic step. Values of β (3.4‰) and TEF (7.6‰) have been suggested for animals in aquatic environments; however recent observations indicate that TEF values may be variable, particularly among elasmobranchs where urea retention may alter nitrogen isotope fractionation between glu and phe. To test these uncertainties, we determined TEF values for three species of sharks, sand tiger (Carcharias taunts), lemon (Negaprion brevirostris), and leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata), and one teleost species, opakapaka (Pristipomoides filamentosus) grown on controlled and well characterized diets for durations ranging from three (T. semifasciata) to over five years (P. filamentosus). TEF values for both elasmobranchs and opakapaka were ～2‰, significantly lower than TEFs previously reported. These results do not support the hypothesis that urea retention lowers ~(15)N trophic enrichment between glu and phe in elasmobranchs. Rather, isotopic enrichment factors may be primarily driven by differences in dietary protein quality, leading to distinct TEFs for herbivores (～ 7.6‰) and carnivores (＜ 7.6‰). We propose a method to calculate TP which integrates different TEF values for herbivores and carnivores.
机译：基于生态系统的渔业管理战略需要营养关系的知识。氨基酸的化合物特定氮同位素分析（AA-CSIA）得出的营养位置（TP）估计值很有希望，因为该方法可以消除与食物网底部δ〜（15）N值变化相关的混杂因素，但它具有尚未在许多生物中进行测试。这项新技术需要两个凭经验确定的生物学参数：1）β，主要生产者中的谷氨酸（glu）和苯丙氨酸（phe）之间的δ〜（13）N值之差； 2）营养富集因子（TEF），〜 （15）在每个营养步骤中N富集的Glu和phe。对于水生环境中的动物，建议使用β（3.4‰）和TEF（7.6‰）值。然而，最近的观察结果表明，TEF值可能是可变的，尤其是在弹性支流中，其中尿素保留可能会改变glu和phe之间的氮同位素分馏。为了测试这些不确定性，我们确定了三种鲨鱼，沙虎（Carcharias嘲讽），柠檬（Negaprion brevirostris）和豹鲨（Triakis semifasciata）以及一种硬骨鱼物种opakapaka（Pristipomoidesfildosus）的TEF值。饮食特征明确，持续时间从三年（T. semifasciata）到五年以上（P. silkosus）。弹性支和opakapaka的TEF值均为〜2‰，明显低于先前报道的TEF。这些结果不支持以下假设：尿urea留降低了弹性分支中的glu和phe之间的〜（15）N营养富集。相反，同位素富集因子可能主要是由饮食蛋白质质量的差异驱动的，从而导致食草动物（〜7.6‰）和食肉动物（＜7.6‰）的TEF明显不同。我们提出了一种计算总磷的方法，该方法综合了食草动物和食肉动物的不同TEF值。

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