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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >A comparison of diet estimates of captive beluga whales using fatty acid mixing models with their true diets
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A comparison of diet estimates of captive beluga whales using fatty acid mixing models with their true diets

机译：使用脂肪酸混合模型与真实饮食的饲料白鲸饮食估计比较

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Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are sentinel species for Arctic environmental change; however, whether belugas are resilient to anticipated changes in prey dynamics remains uncertain, partly due to a lack of dietary information. Mixing models are promising tools to evaluate the diets of marine mammals, using dietary tracers such as fatty acid signatures. Additionally, captive feeding trials are useful to test the effectiveness of these tools for application to wild populations. In our study, we compared the ability of two models, quantitative fatty acid signature analysis in R (QFASAR) and Fatty Acid Source Tracking Algorithm in R (FASTAR) to reconstruct the diets of captive beluga whales that had been fed a long-term diet consisting mostly of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi), and in smaller proportions, capelin (Mallotus villosus) and squid (Doryteuthis opalescens). To account for fatty acid metabolism, we compared a suite of calibration coefficients derived from captive feeding trials of American mink (Mustela vison), harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina richards, and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) fed monotypic diets. For both methods, diets estimated using calibration coefficients derived from feeding trials of mink fed herring and/or seal oil were able to correctly identify herring as the dominant prey source of belugas. In addition, there was higher precision among diet estimates using these calibration coefficients in comparison to those generated using calibration coefficients derived from feeding trials of pinnipeds or mink fed poultry. QFASAR more accurately approximated the diet proportions of the whales than FASTAR, possibly because of the greater robustness to errors in the calibration coefficients. Based on QFASAR, diet estimates best reflect the whales' true dietary proportions consumed approximately two weeks to one month prior to sampling, similar to timeframes seen in previous studies of harbour seals. We recommend caution when using these models with prey that have high within-species variability in fatty acid signatures or small sample sizes, as well as prey with similar fatty acid signatures. The application of mixing models is promising to identify the prey of wild beluga whales and other marine mammals.
机译：Beluga Whales（Delphinapterus Leucas）是北极环境变化的Sentinel种类;然而，贝鲁瓦斯是否适合预期猎物动态的变化仍然不确定，部分原因是缺乏饮食信息。混合模型是评估海洋哺乳动物的饮食的承诺工具，使用饮食示踪剂，例如脂肪酸签名。此外，俘虏的喂养试验可用于测试这些工具的有效性，以应用于野生种群。在我们的研究中，我们将R（QFasar）和R（FASTAR）中的两种模型，定量脂肪酸特征分析和脂肪酸源跟踪算法中的能力进行了比较，以重建饲养长期饮食的俘虏Beluga鲸鱼的饮食大多是太平洋鲱鱼（Clupea Herengus pallasi），以及较小的比例，羊毛林（Mallotus villosus）和鱿鱼（Doryteuthis Opalescens）。为了考虑脂肪酸代谢，我们比较了源自美国水貂（Mustela vison），竖琴密封（Pagophilus groenlandicus），港口封印（Phocavorulina Richards，灰色封印（Halichoerus grypus）喂食单调型的塑料喂养试验饮食。对于两种方法，使用驯化鲱鱼和/或密封油的饲喂乳头和/或密封油的校准系数估计的饮食能够正确地将鲱鱼作为白鲸的主要猎物来源。此外，使用这些饮食估算中的精度更高与使用校准系数产生的校准系数相比，使用校准系数源于尖刺或水貂饲喂家禽的校准系数。Qfasar更准确地逼近鲸鱼的饮食比例而不是FASTAR，可能是因为校准系数中的误差更大。基于QFasar ，饮食估计最能反映鲸鱼的真正膳食比例约为两个在抽样前几周到一个月，类似于在港口密封件之前的研究中看到的时间表。我们建议小心使用这些型号，其中具有脂肪酸签名或小样本尺寸的物种含量高，以及具有相似脂肪酸签名的猎物。混合模型的应用很有希望识别野生白鲸和其他海洋哺乳动物的猎物。

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