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Rapid PPP ambiguity resolution using GPS plus GLONASS observations

机译：使用GPS和GLONASS观测值快速解决PPP模糊度问题

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Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) in precise point positioning (PPP) using GPS observations has been well studied. The main challenge remaining is that the first ambiguity fixing takes about 30 min. This paper presents improvements made using GPS+GLONASS observations, especially improvements in the initial fixing time and correct fixing rate compared with GPS-only solutions. As a result of the frequency division multiple access strategy of GLONASS, there are two obstacles to GLONASS PPP-IAR: first and most importantly, there is distinct code inter-frequency bias (IFB) between satellites, and second, simultaneously observed satellites have different wavelengths. To overcome the problem resulting from GLONASS code IFB, we used a network of homogeneous receivers for GLONASS wide-lane fractional cycle bias (FCB) estimation and wide-lane ambiguity resolution. The integer satellite clock of the GPS and GLONASS was then estimated with the wide-lane FCB products. The effect of the different wavelengths on FCB estimation and PPP-IAR is discussed in detail. We used a 21-day data set of 67 stations, where data from 26 stations were processed to generate satellite wide-lane FCBs and integer clocks and the other 41 stations were selected as users to perform PPP-IAR. We found that GLONASS FCB estimates are qualitatively similar to GPS FCB estimates. Generally, 98.8% of a posteriori residuals ofwide-lane ambiguities are within +/- 0.25 cycles for GPS, and 96.6% for GLONASS. Meanwhile, 94.5 and 94.4% of narrow-lane residuals are within 0.1 cycles for GPS and GLONASS, respectively. For a critical value of 2.0, the correct fixing rate for kinematic PPP is only 75.2% for GPS alone and as large as 98.8% for GPS+GLONASS. The fixing percentage for GPS alone is only 11.70 and 46.80% within 5 and 10 min, respectively, and improves to 73.71 and 95.83% when adding GLONASS. Adding GLONASS thus improves the fixing percentage significantly for a short time span. We also used global ionosphere maps (GIMs) to assist the wide-lane carrier-phase combination to directly fix the wide-lane ambiguity. Employing this method, the effect of the code IFB is eliminated and numerical results show that GLONASS FCB estimation can be performed across heterogeneous receivers. However, because of the relatively lowaccuracy ofGIMs, the fixing percentage of GIM-aided GPS+GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution is very low. We expect better GIM accuracy to enable rapid GPS+GLONASS PPP-IAR with heterogeneous receivers.
机译：使用GPS观测的精确点定位（PPP）中的整数模糊度分辨率（IAR）已得到很好的研究。剩下的主要挑战是，第一次歧义修复大约需要30分钟。本文介绍了使用GPS + GLONASS观测值所做的改进，特别是与仅使用GPS的解决方案相比，改进了初始固定时间和正确的固定率。作为GLONASS的频分多址策略的结果，GLONASS PPP-IAR有两个障碍：首先也是最重要的是，卫星之间存在明显的码间频偏（IFB），其次，同时观测到的卫星具有不同的波长。为了克服由GLONASS代码IFB引起的问题，我们使用同构接收器网络进行GLONASS宽通道分数周期偏差（FCB）估计和宽通道歧义分辨率。然后使用宽带FCB产品估算GPS和GLONASS的整数卫星时钟。详细讨论了不同波长对FCB估计和PPP-IAR的影响。我们使用了21天的67个站点的数据集，其中处理了来自26个站点的数据以生成卫星宽带LAN FCB和整数时钟，并选择了其他41个站点作为用户来执行PPP-IAR。我们发现，GLONASS FCB估算在质量上与GPS FCB估算相似。通常，宽车道歧义的后验残差的98.8％在GPS的+/- 0.25周期内，而GLONASS在96.6％的周期内。同时，GPS和GLONASS的窄车道残差的94.5％和94.4％分别在0.1个周期内。对于2.0的临界值，仅用于GPS的运动PPP的正确固定率仅为75.2％，而对于GPS + GLONASS则高达98.8％。仅GPS的固定百分比在5分钟和10分钟之内分别仅为11.70％和46.80％，添加GLONASS时分别提高到73.71％和95.83％。因此，添加GLONASS可以在短时间内显着提高固色率。我们还使用了全球电离层贴图（GIM）来协助宽车道载波相位组合直接解决宽车道歧义问题。采用这种方法，消除了代码IFB的影响，数值结果表明，可以在异构接收机之间执行GLONASS FCB估计。但是，由于GIM的准确性相对较低，因此GIM辅助的GPS + GLONASS PPP模糊度分辨率的固定百分比非常低。我们期望更好的GIM精度，以实现具有异构接收器的快速GPS + GLONASS PPP-IAR。

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