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Aircraft Trajectory Optimization and Contrails Avoidance in the Presence of Winds

机译：有风时的飞机轨迹优化和轨迹避免

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I. Introduction INTEREST in the effect of aircraft condensation trails or contrails on climate change has increased in recent years. Aircraft emissions contain water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases. Contrails form in the wake of aircraft for various reasons, but the most important is the emission of water vapor [ 1 ]. They appear in the atmosphere along the aircraft's trajectory at high altitude, where the ambient temperature is very low. Contrails persist in the region of atmosphere where the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) is greater than 100% [2]. A recent study [3] reports that persistent contrails may have a three to four times greater effect on the climate than carbon dioxide emissions. It is tempting to reroute aircraft to minimize the impact of persistent contrails on climate. This may result in longer travel times, more fuel usage, and increased carbon dioxide emissions. However, the complete effect of persistent contrails on climate change is still not known, as they have both negative and positive effects, and the resulting net effect is uncertain. The uncertainty in the effect of persistent contrails on climate forcing requires a flight trajectory optimization algorithm with fuel and contrail models that can develop alternative flight paths to enable tradeoff between persistent contrails mitigation and fuel consumption for policy makers to make acceptable aviation operation decisions.
机译：一，引言近年来，对飞机凝结尾迹或凝结尾迹对气候变化的影响的兴趣有所增加。飞机排放的污染物包括水蒸气，二氧化碳和其他温室气体。由于各种原因，飞机尾流中会形成轨迹，但最重要的是水蒸气的排放[1]。它们出现在飞机轨道上的高空大气中，那里的环境温度非常低。轨迹持续存在于相对于冰的相对湿度（RHI）大于100％的大气区域中[2]。最近的一项研究[3]报告说，持续凝结尾迹对气候的影响可能是二氧化碳排放量的三到四倍。试图改变飞机的航线以尽量减少持续凝结尾迹对气候的影响。这可能会导致更长的行驶时间，更多的燃料使用以及增加的二氧化碳排放。然而，持久的凝结尾迹对气候变化的完全影响仍然是未知的，因为它们既有负面影响，也有正面影响，因此产生的净影响尚不确定。持续凝结尾迹对气候强迫影响的不确定性，需要使用燃料和凝结尾迹模型的飞行轨迹优化算法，该算法可以开发替代的飞行路径，从而在减轻持续凝结尾迹和燃料消耗之间进行权衡，以便决策者做出可接受的航空运营决策。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of guidance, control, and dynamics》 |2011年第5期|p.1577-1583|共7页
  • 作者

    Banavar Sridhar; Hok K. Ng; Neil Y. Chen;

  • 作者单位

    NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, California 94035-1000;

    University of California, Santa Cruz,Moffett Field, California 94035-1000;

    NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, California 94035-1000;

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