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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of International Trade Law and Policy >Developing a novel index to evaluate labour chapters in trade agreements: Canada's ambition-enforceability compromise
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Developing a novel index to evaluate labour chapters in trade agreements: Canada's ambition-enforceability compromise

机译：开发一种新颖的指数，以评估贸易协定中的劳动章节：加拿大的野心能力妥协

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摘要

Purpose - Lack of progress advancing labour provisions in multilateral trade instruments has led some countries to develop their own labour chapters in bilateral and plurilateral trade agreements. This study aims to track the evolution of 25 years of labour chapters in Canadian trade agreements.Design/methodology/approach - Modelled on Hoekman (1995), the authors present a novel index using the International Labour Organization's (ILO) core labour standards to compare and evaluate ambition and enforcement in Canada's labour chapters.Findings - The quality of Canada's labour chapters has steadily improved from 1994 to 2020, with scores rising from 46 to 91 out of 100. In addition, Canada has used its negotiating leverage to encourage partners with weak labour regimes to make improvements. Yet, the highest quality chapters were achieved with trade partners similar to Canada, and those chapters have not pushed either party to improve their own domestic labour regimes. The authors discuss the limits of the ILO standards for addressing contemporary debates about labour and trade.Originality/value - The authors' assessment provides the first empirical evidence to demonstrate that Canada's labour chapters have evolved over time, and that the origins of this evolution predate the Liberal government's progressive trade agenda by several decades. The authors also suggest that Canada's "middle road" compromise on ambition versus enforceability may increase the relevance of the index for research on other middle powers and potentially countries in the global south.
机译：目的 - 缺乏进展，促进多边贸易文书的劳动力规定导致一些国家在双边和多边贸易协定中制定自己的劳动章节。本研究旨在追踪加拿大贸易协议中25年的劳动章节的演变。作者提出了一种使用国际劳工组织（ILO）核心劳工标准的新颖指数来对比较的新颖索引并评估加拿大劳动章节的雄心和执法.Findings - 加拿大劳动章节的质量从1994年到2020年稳步提高，分数从46到91增加到100人中增加了100分。此外，加拿大已经利用其谈判杠杆来鼓励合作伙伴弱势劳动制度以改善。然而，最高质量的章节与类似加拿大类似的贸易伙伴实现，这些章节没有推动任何一方以改善自己的国内劳动制度。作者讨论了国际劳工组织标准的限制，用于解决劳动和交易的当代辩论。更多的/价值 - 提交人的评估提供了第一个证明加拿大的劳动章节随着时间的推移而发展的第一证据，以及这种演变的起源自由主义政府的进步贸易议程几十年。作者还建议加拿大的“中间道路”妥协对野心，相对于可执行性可能会增加对全球南部其他中等力量和潜在国家的研究指数的相关性。

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