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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law >The origins and development of family conciliation in Japan: a political aspect
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The origins and development of family conciliation in Japan: a political aspect

机译：日本家庭和解的起源和发展：政治方面

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Mediation has a peculiar characteristic as a form of dispute resolution. It is ‘all process and no structure’. Because the final agreement is the justification for the procedure, mediation can accept non-legal intervention in order to help both parties reach an agreement. In Japan, conciliation - ‘mediation conducted by lay people’ - was institutionalized much earlier than in the US, the UK and European countries. In the early twentieth century, it was introduced by government not only to reduce the court's workload, but also to promote settlements based on patriarchal and particularistic values.The government had tried to introduce a Western legal system as soon as possible after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, but underlying this encouragement of Western-style law lay the aim of abolishing the extraterritoriality which had been conceded to Western countries. The national slogan during the Westernization process was ‘Preserve the Japanese soul and learn Western techniques’. The first family law drafted by a French law professor offended those in power, because it gave rights to family members and put the married couple at the center of a family. This notion of a family system contradicted that of the dominant class in Japan, which gave the head of a family the power to govern family members and put a male filial line at the center of a family.Therefore, after the re-drafted family law had come into effect, the government planned to exclude all types of family disputes from the ordinary court system. For this purpose, the ‘reform’ of family law, the establishment of a special tribunal, and the introduction of conciliation were planned, though only conciliation was introduced before WWII.After WWII, in the process of postwar reform, all these schemes came to be realized, although family law itself was changed to comply with the new Constitution. Many prewar conciliators kept their positions after the war. Conciliators were usually retired old men or housewives who were chosen by the court for their ‘good common sense’ and social standing. Conciliators were expected to persuade spouses, particularly wives, to repair and sustain relationships, but as people became less and less subservient to official authority, family conciliation came to be criticized as imposing often obsolete and personal views upon spouses.However, conciliators have become indispensable assets for the courts. They form a national organization which is the only national organization to support the courts. Conciliators not only reduce the court's workload but also provide significant political support to the courts. The position of a conciliator as a court official is still attractive for retired people and even lawyers. In so far as this mutually beneficial relationship does not collapse, Japanese family conciliation will survive for the foreseeable future.View full textDownload full textKeywordsmediation, conciliation, dispute resolution, family dispute, family lawRelated var addthis_config = { ui_cobrand: "Taylor & Francis Online", services_compact: "citeulike,netvibes,twitter,technorati,delicious,linkedin,facebook,stumbleupon,digg,google,more", pubid: "ra-4dff56cd6bb1830b" }; Add to shortlist Link Permalink http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2010.506310
机译：调解具有解决争端的独特特征。这是“所有过程，没有结构”。由于最终协议是程序的理由，调解可以接受非法律干预，以帮助双方达成协议。在日本，调解（即由非专业人士进行的调解）的制度化要比美国，英国和欧洲国家早得多。在20世纪初，政府不仅引入了司法制度，以减轻法院的工作量，还促进了基于父权制和特殊主义价值观的和解。政府试图在明治维新后尽快引入西方法律体系。 1868年，但在这种鼓励西方式法律的基础上，其目的是废除西方国家承认的域外管辖权。西方化进程中的国家口号是“保留日本人的灵魂并学习西方技术”。法国法学教授起草的第一部家庭法冒犯了当权者，因为它赋予了家庭成员权利，并将已婚夫妇置于家庭中心。这种家庭制度的观念与日本的统治阶级相矛盾，日本赋予了家庭首长管理家庭成员的权力，并以男性孝顺为家庭中心。因此，在重新起草了家庭法之后自生效以来，政府计划将所有类型的家庭纠纷排除在普通法院系统之外。为此目的，尽管在第二次世界大战之前只提出了调解，但计划进行家庭法的“改革”，设立特别法庭和引入和解。第二次世界大战后，在战后改革中，所有这些尽管修改了家庭法以符合新宪法，但计划仍得以实现。战后，许多战前调解人保持了立场。调解人通常是退休的老人或家庭主妇，由于其“良好的常识”和社会地位而被法院选中。人们期望和解员能够说服配偶，特别是妻子来维持和维持关系，但是随着人们对官方权威的服从越来越少，家庭和解被批评为对配偶强加了过时的个人见解，但是，和解员变得不可或缺。法院资产。他们组成一个国家组织，这是唯一一个支持法院的国家组织。调解人不仅减少了法院的工作量，而且为法院提供了重要的政治支持。调解员作为法院官员的职位对于退休人员甚至律师仍然很有吸引力。只要这种互惠关系不会破裂，日本的家庭和解将在可预见的将来继续存在。查看全文下载全文关键词调解，和解，争端解决，家庭纠纷，家庭法相关的var addthis_config = {ui_cobrand：“泰勒和弗朗西斯在线” ，services_compact：“ citeulike，netvibes，twitter，technorati，美味，linkedin，facebook，stumbleupon，digg，google，更多”，发布号：“ ra-4dff56cd6bb1830b”}；添加到候选列表链接永久链接http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2010.506310

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