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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of soil & sediments >Sediment source analysis in the Linganore Creek watershed,Maryland, USA, using the sediment fingerprinting approach: 2008 to 2010
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Sediment source analysis in the Linganore Creek watershed,Maryland, USA, using the sediment fingerprinting approach: 2008 to 2010

机译：使用沉积物指纹法在美国马里兰州Linganore Creek流域进行沉积物来源分析：2008年至2010年

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Purpose Fine-grained sediment is an important pollutant in streams and estuaries, including the Chesapeake Bay in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the sources of fine-grained sediment using the sediment fingerprinting approach in the Linganore Creek watershed, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. Materials and methods The sediment fingerprinting approach was used in the agricultural and forested, 147-km2 Linganore Creek watershed, Maryland from 1 August 2008 to 31 December 2010 to determine the relative percentage contribution from different potential sources of fine-grained sediment. Finegrained suspended sediment samples (＜63 um) were collected during storm events in Linganore Creek using an automatic sampler and manual isokinetic samplers. Source samples were collected from 40 stream bank sites, 24 agricultural (cropland and pasture) sites, and 19 forested sites. Suspended sediment and source samples were analyzed for elements and stable isotopes. Results and discussion Results of sediment fingerprinting for 194 samples collected in 36 separate storm events indicate that stream banks contributed 53% of the annual fine-grained suspended sediment load, agriculture contributed 44%, and forests contributed 3%. Peak flows and sediment loads of the storms correlate to stream bank erosion. The highest peak flows occurred in the winter and, along with freeze-thaw activity, contributed to winter months showing the highest rate of stream bank erosion. Peak flow was negatively correlated to sediment sources from agricultural lands which had the greatest contribution in non-winter months. Caution should be observed when trying to interpret the relation between sediment sources and individual storms using the sediment fingerprinting approach. Because the sediment fingerprinting results from individual storms may not include the temporal aspects of the sourced sediment, sediment that is in storage from previous events, remobilized and sampled during the current event, will reflect previous storm characteristics. Stream bank sediment is delivered directly to the channel during an event, whereas the delivery of upland sediment to the stream is lower due to storage on hillslopes and/or in channels, sediment from stream banks are more likely to be related to the characteristics of the sampled storm event. Conclusions Stream banks and agricultural lands are both important sources of fine-grained sediment in the Linganore Creek watershed. Peak flows and sediment loads for the 36 storms show a significant relation to sediment sources from stream bank erosion. Attempting to link upland sediment sources to flow and seasonal characteristics is difficult since much of the upland sediment eroded in an event goes into storage. By averaging sediment sources over several storms, it may be possible to determine not only the sediment sources that are directly contributed during the current event but also sediment from previous events that was in storage and remobilized.
机译：目的细粒沉积物是河流和河口（包括美国切萨皮克湾）中的重要污染物。这项研究的目的是在Linganore Creek流域（切萨皮克湾的支流）使用沉积物指纹识别法确定细颗粒沉积物的来源。材料和方法自2008年8月1日至2010年12月31日，在马里兰州147 km2的Linganore Creek流域进行农业和森林开发，采用了沉积物指纹识别法，以确定不同潜在细颗粒沉积物的相对百分比贡献。在风暴事件期间，使用自动采样器和手动等速采样器在Linganore Creek收集了细颗粒的悬浮沉积物样品（＜63 um）。从40个河岸站点，24个农业（农田和牧场）站点以及19个森林站点收集了源样本。对悬浮的沉积物和源样品进行了元素和稳定同位素分析。结果与讨论在36个单独的暴风雨事件中收集的194个样品的沉积物指纹结果表明，溪流库占年度细颗粒悬浮沉积物负荷的53％，农业占44％，森林占3％。风暴的高峰流量和泥沙负荷与河岸侵蚀有关。最高的峰值流量发生在冬季，并且与冻融活动一起，导致冬季表现出最高的河岸侵蚀速率。高峰流量与农业土地的沉积物来源负相关，在非冬季月份贡献最大。在尝试使用沉积物指纹识别方法解释沉积物来源与个别风暴之间的关系时应谨慎。由于个别风暴造成的沉积物指纹识别可能不包括来源沉积物的时间方面，因此，在先前事件中存储，在当前事件中进行了移动和采样的沉积物将反映先前的风暴特征。在发生事件时，河岸沉积物直接输送到河道，而由于坡地和/或河道中的堆积，高地河床沉积物向河道的输送较低，河床沉积物更可能与河床的特征有关。采样的风暴事件。结论河流岸和农田都是Linganore Creek流域细颗粒沉积物的重要来源。 36场风暴的高峰流量和泥沙负荷与河岸冲刷产生的泥沙源有显着关系。试图将山地沉积物来源与流量和季节特征联系起来是困难的，因为在事件中侵蚀掉的许多山地沉积物都将被存储起来。通过对几场风暴的沉积物来源进行平均，不仅可以确定当前事件中直接贡献的沉积物来源，还可以确定来自先前事件的沉积物，这些沉积物正在存储和转移。

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