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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of soil & sediments >A streamlined approach for sediment source fingerprinting in a Southern Piedmont watershed, USA
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A streamlined approach for sediment source fingerprinting in a Southern Piedmont watershed, USA

机译：美国南部皮埃蒙特流域的一种简化沉积物指纹识别方法

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Purpose Sediment fingerprinting is a relatively recent research technique, capable of determining the origin of suspended sediment. In this study, we investigated sub-basins within a larger watershed we examined previously. The objectives were to determine if there was spatial variation in the origin of the suspended sediments and to test a streamlined fingerprinting approach which would reduce the cost, thereby paving the way for adoption by government agencies. Materials and methods Samples were collected from three tributaries, the outlet of the main stem, and at the middle of the main stem. Two methods to collect suspended sediment samples were compared: a mobile continuous-flow centrifuge and automated samplers. A relatively small initial tracer suite consisting of stable isotopes of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) (15N and 13C), total N (TN), and total C (TC) was tested. Tracer concentrations were obtained through a single mass spectrometry analysis requiring <1 g of sediment. Results and discussion Multivariate discriminant analysis showed that three of the four tracers (J15N, 6XiC, and TC) from the initial pool were capable of accurate classification of the source samples. A multivariate mixing model showed that banks contributed the majority of sediment throughout all locations sampled and that in tributaries it was an even more dominant source. Despite variations in land use and stream order, the legacy sediments comprising the banks and floodplains were the main factor in impairment for suspended sediment. We found a small but statistically significant difference in <515N and 5I3C concentrations collected using automated samplers vs. the mobile centrifuge, but the effect on analysis of sediment source proportions was minimal. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that, at least in the study watershed, the majority of sediment in suspension was of streambank origin. A cost-effective tracer suite was identified as well as an attempt to make a streamlined approach to the technique. The streamlined approach cost much less ($7,550 US) than the conventional approach ($46,600 US) and should be suitable for total maximum daily loads analysis by state government agencies in the Southern Piedmont region of the USA.
机译：目的泥沙指纹图谱是一种相对较新的研究技术，能够确定悬浮泥沙的来源。在这项研究中，我们调查了先前检查过的较大流域内的子流域。目的是确定悬浮沉积物的来源是否存在空间变化，并测试简化的指纹识别方法，以降低成本，从而为政府机构采用该方法铺平道路。材料和方法从三个支流，主茎的出口和主茎的中间收集样品。比较了两种收集悬浮沉积物样品的方法：移动式连续流离心机和自动采样器。测试了一个相对较小的初始示踪剂套件，该套件由氮（N）和碳（C）（15N和13C），总氮（TN）和总碳（TC）的稳定同位素组成。示踪剂浓度通过需要小于1 g沉积物的单一质谱分析获得。结果与讨论多元判别分析表明，来自初始库的四个示踪剂（J15N，6XiC和TC）中的三个能够对源样品进行准确分类。多元混合模型表明，在所有采样地点中，堤岸贡献了大部分沉积物，而在支流中，沉积物是更为主要的来源。尽管土地利用和溪流顺序有所变化，但包括堤岸和洪泛区在内的遗留沉积物是造成悬浮沉积物受损的主要因素。我们发现，使用自动进样器与移动式离心机收集的<515N和5I3C浓度之间的差异很小，但在统计学上具有统计学意义，但对泥沙源比例分析的影响极小。结论该研究结果表明，至少在研究分水岭中，悬浮物中的大部分沉积物是河岸起源的。确定了具有成本效益的示踪剂套件，并尝试对这种技术进行简化。简化方法的成本（7,550美元）比常规方法（46,600美元）低得多，并且应该适合美国南部皮埃蒙特州的州政府机构进行的总最大日负荷分析。

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