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Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Performance Trades for Mars Pinpoint Landing

机译:火星精确着陆的制导,导航和控制系统性能交易

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Landing site selection is a compromise between safety concerns associated with the site's terrain and scientific interest. Therefore, technologies enabling pinpoint landing performance (sub-100-m accuracies) on the surface of Mars are of interest to increase the number of accessible sites for in situ research, as well as allow placement of vehicles nearby prepositioned assets. A survey of the performance of guidance, navigation, and control technologies that could allow pinpoint landing to occur at Mars was performed. This assessment has shown that negligible propellant mass fraction benefits are seen for reducing the three-sigma position dispersion at the end of the hypersonic guidance phase (parachute deployment) below approximately 3 km. Four different propulsive terminal descent guidance algorithms were examined. Of these four, a near propellant-optimal analytic guidance law showed promise for the conceptual design of pinpoint landing vehicles. The existence of a propellant optimum with regard to the initiation time of the propulsive terminal descent was shown to exist for various flight conditions. Subsonic guided parachutes were shown to provide marginal performance benefits, due to the timeline associated with descent through the thin Mars atmosphere. This investigation also demonstrates that navigation is a limiting technology for Mars pinpoint landing, with landed performance being largely driven by navigation sensor and map tie accuracy.
机译:选择登陆站点是在与站点地形相关的安全问题与科学兴趣之间做出折衷的选择。因此,在火星表面实现精确着陆性能(精确度在100米以下)的技术引起人们的兴趣,这将增加用于现场研究的可访问站点的数量,并允许将车辆放置在预定资产附近。对制导,导航和控制技术的性能进行了调查,该技术可能使精确的着陆发生在火星上。该评估表明,在高超声速引导阶段(降落伞部署)结束时将三西格玛位置分散减小到大约3 km以下时,推进剂质量分数的收益可忽略不计。考察了四种不同的推进式终端下降制导算法。在这四个之中,接近推进剂-最佳的分析制导律表明了精确的登陆车概念设计的希望。对于各种飞行条件,存在关于推进式终端下降的开始时间的最佳推进剂的存在。由于与通过火星稀薄大气层下降有关的时间表,亚音速制导降落伞显示出了边际性能优势。这项研究还表明,导航是火星精确着陆的一项限制技术,着陆性能很大程度上取决于导航传感器和地图的精确度。

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